劍橋雅思6Test2閱讀Passage2原文翻譯 Greying Population Stays in the Pink

劍橋雅思6Test2閱讀Passage2原文翻譯 Greying Population Stays in the Pink，今天中國(guó)教育在線就來(lái)為大家分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Greying Population Stays in the Pink

老年人仍然健康

劍橋雅思6 Test 2 Passage 2閱讀原文翻譯

第1自然段

Elderly people are growing healthier,happier and more independent,say American scientists.The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike,it is much later in life.

美國(guó)科學(xué)家說(shuō)，老年人正在變得更健康，更快樂(lè)，更獨(dú)立。一項(xiàng)將在本月晚些時(shí)候宣布的為期14年的研究結(jié)果表明，受老年疾病困擾的人越來(lái)越少，而且哪怕疾病確實(shí)出現(xiàn)了，也在人生更為靠后的階段。

第2自然段

In the last 14 years,the National Long-term Health Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65.Researchers,now analysing the results of data gathered in 1994,say arthritis,high blood pressure and circulation problems–the major medical complaints in this age group–are troubling a smaller proportion every year.And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate.Other diseases of old age–dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosis and emphysema–are also troubling fewer and fewer people.

在過(guò)去的14年里，國(guó)家長(zhǎng)文章來(lái)自老烤鴨雅思期健康護(hù)理調(diào)查收集了有關(guān)20,000多名65歲以上男性和女性健康與生活方式的數(shù)據(jù)。現(xiàn)在，研究人員在分析1994年所收集的數(shù)據(jù)的結(jié)果時(shí)說(shuō)，關(guān)節(jié)炎，高血壓和血液循環(huán)問(wèn)題-該年齡段的主要醫(yī)療疾病-每年影響的人群比例都在減小。數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)這些疾病的下降速度繼續(xù)加快。受老年癡呆，中風(fēng)，動(dòng)脈硬化和肺氣腫等其他疾病困擾的人也越來(lái)越少。

第3自然段

‘It really raises the question of what should be considered normal ageing,’says Kenneth Manton,a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina.He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75.

北卡羅來(lái)納州杜克大學(xué)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家，肯尼斯·曼頓說(shuō)：“這真的提出了什么應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是正常老化的問(wèn)題”。他說(shuō)，1982年醫(yī)生認(rèn)為在65歲的老年人身上很正常的問(wèn)題現(xiàn)在到70或者75歲才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。

第4自然段

Clearly,certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances.But there may be other contributing factors.Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century,for example,gave today’s elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.

顯然，面對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步，某些疾病正在消退。但是可能還有其他促成因素。例如，在二十世紀(jì)前二十五年中，兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)的改善為當(dāng)今的老年人提供了比其前輩更好的生活起點(diǎn)。

第5自然段

On the downside,the data also reveals failures in public health that have caused surges in some illnesses.An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality,say the researchers.‘These may be subtle influences,’says Manton,‘but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years.It’s not surprising we see some effect.’

不利的一面是，該數(shù)據(jù)還揭示了公共健康的失敗導(dǎo)致某些疾病激增。研究人員說(shuō)，某些癌癥和支氣管炎的增加可能反映了吸煙習(xí)慣的改變和空氣質(zhì)量的下降。曼頓說(shuō)：“這些可能是微妙的影響。但60多年來(lái)，我們的受試者一直忍受越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重的污染。我們看到一些影響不足為奇”。

第6自然段

One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer.For example,65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected,on average,to live to 82.Those who continued their education live an extra seven years.Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income,Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention.

曼頓發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)有趣的聯(lián)系是，受過(guò)良好教育的人壽命可能更長(zhǎng)。例如，受教育少于八年的65歲女性平均預(yù)期壽命為82歲。那些繼續(xù)接受教育的人則會(huì)多活七年。盡管其部分原因可以歸于較高的收入，但曼頓認(rèn)為，這主要是因?yàn)槭苓^(guò)教育的人們會(huì)尋求更多的醫(yī)療關(guān)注。

第7自然段

The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were,and again found a striking trend.Almost 80%of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances.That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population.If the trends apparent in the United States 14 years ago had continued,researchers calculate there would be an additional one million disabled elderly people in today’s population.According to Manton,slowing the trend has saved the United States government’s Medicare system more than$200 billion,suggesting that the greying of America’s population may prove less of a financial burden than expected.

調(diào)查還評(píng)估了65歲以上人士的獨(dú)立狀況，并再次發(fā)現(xiàn)了驚人的趨勢(shì)。在1994年的調(diào)查中，幾乎80％的人可以完成日常活動(dòng)，從不需幫助就可以吃飯穿衣到諸如烹飪和財(cái)務(wù)管理等復(fù)雜任務(wù)。這表示人口中殘疾老年人的數(shù)量大大減少。如果14年前美國(guó)這一明顯趨勢(shì)繼續(xù)下去，研究人員計(jì)算得出，現(xiàn)在的人口將再增加100萬(wàn)殘疾人。曼頓認(rèn)為，趨勢(shì)放緩已為美國(guó)政府的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)體系節(jié)省了超過(guò)2000億美元。這表明美國(guó)人口老齡化的財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)可能比預(yù)期的要少。

第8自然段

The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive increase in the use of simple home medical aids.For instance,the use of raised toilet seats has more than doubled since the start of the study,and the use of bath seats has grown by more than 50%.These developments also bring some health benefits,according to a report from the MacArthur Foundation’s research group on successful ageing.The group found that those elderly people who were able to retain a sense of independence were more likely to stay healthy in old age.

許多老年人的自力更生可能與簡(jiǎn)單家庭醫(yī)療輔助設(shè)備使用的大量增加有關(guān)。例如，自研究開(kāi)始以來(lái)，加高馬桶座圈的使用量增加了一倍以上，而浴室座圈的使用量已增長(zhǎng)了50％以上。麥克阿瑟基金會(huì)研究小組關(guān)于成功衰老的報(bào)告指出，這些進(jìn)展也帶來(lái)了一些健康上的好處。該小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些能夠保持獨(dú)立感的老年人在老年時(shí)更可能保持健康。

第9自然段

Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning,says Carl Cotman,a neuroscientist at the University of California at Irvine.He found that rats that exercise on a treadmill have raised levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor coursing through their brains.Cotman believes this hormone,which keeps neurons functioning,may prevent the brains of active humans from deteriorating.

加利福尼亞大學(xué)爾灣校區(qū)神經(jīng)學(xué)家Cotman說(shuō)，維持日常的體力活動(dòng)水平可能有助于心理機(jī)能。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在跑步機(jī)上運(yùn)動(dòng)的老鼠的大腦中神經(jīng)源性神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子水平升高。Cotman認(rèn)為，這種使神經(jīng)元保持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的激素可以防止活躍的人的大腦退化。

第10自然段

As part of the same study,Teresa Seeman,a social epidemiologist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles,found a connection between self-esteem and stress in people over 70.In laboratory simulations of challenging activities such as driving,those who felt in control of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress hormones such as cortisol.Chronically high levels of these hormones have been linked to heart disease.

作為同樣研究的一部分，洛杉磯南加利福尼亞大學(xué)社會(huì)流行病學(xué)家Teresa Seeman發(fā)現(xiàn)，在70歲以上的人群中自尊與壓力存在聯(lián)系。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬的諸如駕車(chē)等具有挑戰(zhàn)性的活動(dòng)中，那些覺(jué)得能夠控制自己生活的人釋放較低水平的壓力荷爾蒙，例如皮質(zhì)醇。如果這些激素長(zhǎng)期處于較高水平可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病。

第11自然段

But independence can have drawbacks.Seeman found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep.The research suggests that older people fare best when they feel independent but know they can get help when they need it.

但是獨(dú)立性也有弊端。西曼（Seeman）發(fā)現(xiàn)，感覺(jué)情感孤立的老年人即使在睡覺(jué)時(shí)也保持較高的壓力激素水平。研究表明，老年人在感到獨(dú)立，但知道他們可以在需要時(shí)獲得幫助的時(shí)候表現(xiàn)最好。

第12自然段

‘Like much research into ageing,these results support common sense,’says Seeman.They also show that we may be underestimating the impact of these simple factors.‘The sort of thing that your grandmother always told you turns out to be right on target,’she says.

西曼說(shuō)：“就像對(duì)衰老的許多研究一樣，這些結(jié)果與常識(shí)相符”。它們還表明，我們可能低估了這些簡(jiǎn)單因素的影響。她說(shuō)：“奶奶總是告訴你的那些事情證明確實(shí)是正確的”。

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