the role of wind托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

the role of wind托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、the role of wind托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a meteorology class.

MALE PROFESSOR:Now,Earth's atmosphere is sort of like a giant weather machine,right?With air and water being its key components.A machine powered by energy from the Sun.So,we need to consider the role that air,or,more specifically,wind,plays in this machine.So wind is really nothing more than moving air,right?

Now as air is heated,and becomes warmer,it expands,it becomes less dense.When air in a particular area is heated,you get a concentration of warm air,an area of low pressure.Uh,likewise,when you get a concentration of cold air,that air's gonna be very dense,so it's gonna create an area of high pressure.If you have an area of high pressure next to an area of low pressure,the colder,high pressure air will start moving toward the area of low pressure,right?And the warmer air will move away,rising above the cooler air.Okay?Uh,yes,Linda?

FEMALE STUDENT:So wind is actually generated by the Sun?

MALE PROFESSOR:Well,Earth's rotation plays a role,and there’re other factors,and we'll come back to all that,but principally,yes.The Sun creates the temperature differential that creates the areas of high pressure and low pressure that create wind.

FEMALE STUDENT:Um,I don’t get what…h(huán)ow it causes a temperature differential…

MALE PROFESSOR:Right.Good.This'll take us to the role of wind in the climate.The key is that the Sun warms up different parts of Earth at different rates,and to different degrees.Uh for example,at,uh,at sunrise the land heats up faster than the ocean…that’s why you get morning sea breezes.The air over the water heats more slowly than air over land,so during the early morning it's cooler and denser than air over land,so it moves in toward land--a sea breeze.

Uh,what else?Um,the Sun's energy is more intense near the equator than it is near the poles.So you've got masses of warmer air over the equatorial regions and masses of cooler air over polar regions and these masses are constantly interacting with each other,which is critically important for Earth's climate.

Uh,one result of these interactions is that equatorial air masses move away from the equator.And in the process,those equatorial winds actually take heat away from the equator and transfer it to some cooler part of Earth.And by redistributing this energy–the Sun's energy,really–winds play a critical role in maintaining a temperature balance from the poles to the equator.

Now winds also help Earth maintain its balance in another way:by transporting water from one part of Earth to another.Water is contained in the air in the form of vapor–mostly through evaporation,mostly from the oceans–and so when the air moves,it carries the vapor with it to some other parts of Earth,where it can deposit it as rain,or snow,some other form of precipitation.

Uh actually,the transfer of heat and water by way of the wind are very closely related…because a primary way that heat energy is transferred by wind is mediated by the process of evaporation.What happens is that a certain amount of heat energy is required to convert liquid water into vapor.So when water evaporates from the ocean,it takes energy to convert that water into a gaseous form,into water vapor.But that heat energy–that conversion energy–doesn't raise the temperature of the water vapor,or of the air.It’s just stored in the water vapor.Then later,when the water vapor converts back to liquid water,that energy is released.

So:when water evaporates,energy's taken from the ocean,and it's stored in the water vapor,in the air.Then the air–the wind–transports the water vapor to some other part of Earth.Then the water vapor converts back into liquid water–it rains,in other words–and the heat energy that was stored in the water vapor is released into the new environment.Okay?

So the transfer of heat and the transfer of water are very closely related.And what's the primary vehicle for this transfer?The wind.So wind is a critical element in the redistribution of both the Sun's energy and Earth's water.

二、the role of wind托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在氣象學(xué)課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。

男教授：現(xiàn)在，地球大氣層有點像一臺巨大的氣象機器，對嗎？空氣和水是其關(guān)鍵組成部分。由太陽能驅(qū)動的機器。因此，我們需要考慮空氣，或者更具體地說，風(fēng)在這臺機器中所起的作用。所以風(fēng)只不過是移動的空氣，對嗎？

現(xiàn)在，隨著空氣被加熱，變得更熱，它膨脹，密度降低。當一個特定區(qū)域的空氣被加熱時，你會得到一個集中的暖空氣，一個低壓區(qū)域。呃，同樣，當冷空氣集中時，空氣會非常稠密，所以會產(chǎn)生一個高壓區(qū)域。如果在低壓區(qū)域旁邊有一個高壓區(qū)域，較冷的高壓空氣將開始向低壓區(qū)域移動，對嗎？溫暖的空氣會離開，上升到較冷的空氣之上。可以嗯，是的，琳達？

女學(xué)生：那么風(fēng)實際上是由太陽產(chǎn)生的？

男教授：嗯，地球自轉(zhuǎn)起了作用，還有其他因素，我們會回到所有這些，但主要是，是的。太陽產(chǎn)生溫差，形成高壓和低壓區(qū)域，形成風(fēng)。

女學(xué)生：嗯，我不明白……它是如何引起溫差的…

男教授：對。好的這將帶我們了解風(fēng)在氣候中的作用。關(guān)鍵是，太陽以不同的速率、不同的程度使地球的不同部分變暖。舉個例子，在日出的時候，陸地的升溫速度比海洋的要快……這就是為什么會有早晨的海風(fēng)。水面上的空氣比陸地上的空氣加熱得慢，所以在清晨，它比陸地上的空氣更冷，密度更大，所以它向陸地移動——海風(fēng)。

呃，還有什么？嗯，太陽在赤道附近的能量比在兩極附近的能量強。赤道地區(qū)有大量的暖空氣，極地地區(qū)有大量的冷空氣，這些空氣不斷相互作用，這對地球氣候至關(guān)重要。

呃，這些相互作用的一個結(jié)果是赤道氣團離開赤道。在這個過程中，這些赤道風(fēng)實際上將熱量從赤道帶走，并將其轉(zhuǎn)移到地球較冷的部分。通過重新分配這種能量——實際上是太陽的能量——風(fēng)在維持從兩極到赤道的溫度平衡方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。

現(xiàn)在，風(fēng)還以另一種方式幫助地球保持平衡：將水從地球的一部分輸送到另一部分。水以蒸汽的形式存在于空氣中，主要是通過蒸發(fā)，主要來自海洋，因此當空氣運動時，它將蒸汽帶到地球的其他部分，在那里它可以以雨或雪的形式沉積，或者其他形式的降水。

呃，實際上，通過風(fēng)傳遞熱量和水是非常密切相關(guān)的……因為通過風(fēng)傳遞熱能的一種主要方式是通過蒸發(fā)過程來調(diào)節(jié)的。所發(fā)生的是，將液態(tài)水轉(zhuǎn)化為蒸汽需要一定量的熱能。因此，當水從海洋中蒸發(fā)時，需要能量才能將水轉(zhuǎn)化為氣態(tài)，轉(zhuǎn)化為水蒸氣。但熱能——轉(zhuǎn)換能——不會提高水蒸氣或空氣的溫度。它只是儲存在水蒸氣中。然后，當水蒸氣轉(zhuǎn)化回液態(tài)水時，能量就會釋放出來。

所以：當水蒸發(fā)時，能量從海洋中獲取，并儲存在空氣中的水蒸氣中。然后空氣——風(fēng)——將水蒸氣輸送到地球的其他部分。然后，水蒸氣轉(zhuǎn)化回液態(tài)水，換句話說，就是下雨，而儲存在水蒸氣中的熱能被釋放到新的環(huán)境中?？梢?/p>

所以熱量的傳遞和水的傳遞是非常密切相關(guān)的。這次轉(zhuǎn)移的主要交通工具是什么？風(fēng)。因此，風(fēng)是重新分配太陽能量和地球水分的關(guān)鍵因素。

三、the role of wind托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Various kinds of winds

B.Theories about recent changes in Earth's climate

C.The role of wind in regulating Earth's climate

D.The role of air in limiting the amount of the Sun's energy that reaches Earth

Q2:2.According to the lecture,what creates areas of high pressure and low pressure in the atmosphere?

A.The rotation of Earth

B.Wind moving from areas over water to areas over land

C.Differences in temperature at different places on Earth

D.Differences in concentrations of water vapor in different parts of the atmosphere

Q3:3.According to the professor,what are two reasons why all areas of Earth are not heated equally during daylight hours?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Some regions of Earth receive more energy from the Sun than others.

B.The amount of energy emitted by the Sun varies in intensity over the course of the day.

C.The Sun heats stationary air faster than it heats moving air.

D.The Sun heats land faster than it heats water.

Q4:4.What are two benefits of wind mentioned by the professor?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.It transfers water across Earth.

B.It shifts heat from some areas of Earth to others.

C.It helps maintain a constant rate of evaporation of ocean water.

D.It reduces the amount of the Sun’s energy that is absorbed by the ocean.

Q5:5.What does the professor imply about the heat stored in water vapor?

A.The heat is rarely transported by the wind.

B.The heat was drawn from the ocean during the evaporation process.

C.The heat's intensity depends on the altitude of the vapor.

D.The heat loses energy over time as it is stored in the vapor.

Q6:6.Why does the professor mean when he says this:

A.He is pleased that the woman made a good observation.

B.He is grateful that the woman has reminded him of a point he neglected to discuss.

C.He thinks that the woman has correctly summarized what he just said.

D.He thinks that the woman has provided a logical transition to his next point.

四、the role of wind托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：AD

A4:正確答案：AB

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：D

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