Government Management of Business托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Government Management of Business托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案， 今天中國(guó)教育在線就來為大家分析這個(gè)問題。

一、Government Management of Business 托福聽力原文：

 M1: The large economic unit called the “corporation” has come to define business activity in a modern industrial-service economy.  Even a mid-sized corporation employs thousands of people, serves hundreds of thousands of customers, and controls assets and does business amounting to several million dollars. The growing power of corporations has brought increased intervention by the only body with sufficient strength and scope to match corporate power. And what body is this? What has enough power to control the corporation?

W: The government.

M1: Yes. The federal government. The economic role of the government has grown tremendously over the past century, as more and more corporate activities have come under regulation. Why has this happened?

M2: Well, to prevent fraud against stockholders, for one thing. Also, to protect customers from fraud, like false advertising.

W: To protect the workers.  For example, laws against child labor ... and unsafe working conditions.

M1: Yes. These are all reasons why we have government regulation of business.  Not just in this country, but in most advanced industrial and service economies, governments have taken on an increasing role in economic affairs. Let’s take a minute to review what we talked about last time. What are the methods that governments use to influence economic activities? Elizabeth?

W: Taxes. Taxes encourage or discourage certain kinds of economic activity. Taxes are also a way for the government to get money to spend on programs.

M1: That’s right. So ... OK, there’s taxes and ... what else? Joshua?

M2: Government spending—the government gives business incentives to produce certain goods or services. Also ... uh ... spending could take the form of a tax break, or it could be a direct payment, like a government contract, or a grant or a subsidy.

M1: Yes, that’s right. Governments intervene in economic activity through taxation and spending. A third method, of course, what we’ve just been talking about: regulation.There’s been a tremendous increase in the laws and regulations governing the economic affairs of complex societies like ours.  Beginning in the late 1800s, our political leaders rejected the idea that “government governs best which governs least.” The government started to use its power to police the economic system. One of the first things the government did was to limit the exercise of monopoly power by regulating railroads and public utilities. After that, the government began regulating utility rates—costs for telephone, electricity, fuel, and so on.Since then, a whole set of industries has come under government regulation: financial markets, the airlines, trucking, barge and water traffic, oil and natural gas pipelines, and so on. Also, in recent decades there’s been a rapid growth of social regulation. What do I mean by social regulation?

W: Uh ... things like ... like laws that require a food package to list all the ingredients?

M1: Yes, that’s a good example. There are a number of laws regulating food and cosmetics. Social regulation also includes the laws that were first passed to protect workers in mines, and then workers in general. Now there are laws that protect all of society—for example, regulations for air and water pollution, and for storage and disposal of hazardous materials like nuclear waste. There are also safety standards for automobiles and consumer products, such as car seats for babies. All of these are forms of social regulation.We’ve come a long way since the days of laissez-faire capitalism, when business ran free and unchecked by government. When the political leaders of the nineteenth century first started proposing regulation of business, this was considered a radical idea. However, with the passage of time, the radical ideas of that era became the accepted convictions of today. The general public has come to accept—and even expect—these limits on capitalism.

二、Government Management of Business 托福聽力中文翻譯：

M1：被稱為“公司”的大型經(jīng)濟(jì)單位開始定義現(xiàn)代工業(yè)服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的商業(yè)活動(dòng)。即使是一家中等規(guī)模的公司，也雇用了數(shù)千名員工，為數(shù)十萬(wàn)名客戶提供服務(wù)，并控制著數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元的資產(chǎn)和業(yè)務(wù)。隨著公司實(shí)力的不斷增強(qiáng)，唯一有足夠?qū)嵙头秶c公司實(shí)力相匹配的機(jī)構(gòu)也加大了干預(yù)力度。這是什么尸體？什么有足夠的權(quán)力控制公司？

W： 政府。

M1：是的。聯(lián)邦政府。在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，隨著越來越多的企業(yè)活動(dòng)受到監(jiān)管，政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)作用得到了極大的發(fā)展。為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況？

M2：首先，為了防止針對(duì)股東的欺詐行為。此外，保護(hù)客戶免受欺詐，如虛假?gòu)V告。

W： 保護(hù)工人。例如，禁止童工的法律。。。以及不安全的工作條件。

M1：是的。這些都是我們對(duì)商業(yè)實(shí)行政府監(jiān)管的原因。不僅在這個(gè)國(guó)家，而且在大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)和服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)中的作用越來越大。讓我們花一分鐘回顧一下我們上次談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容。政府用來影響經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的方法是什么？伊麗莎白？

W： 稅收。稅收鼓勵(lì)或阻礙某些類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。稅收也是政府獲取資金用于項(xiàng)目的一種方式。

M1：沒錯(cuò)。所以好的，有稅還有。。。還有什么？約書亞？

M2：政府支出政府鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)某些商品或服務(wù)。而且嗯支出可以采取減稅的形式，也可以是直接付款，如政府合同，或補(bǔ)助金或補(bǔ)貼。

M1：是的，沒錯(cuò)。政府通過稅收和支出干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。當(dāng)然，第三種方法是我們剛才討論的：監(jiān)管。管理像我們這樣復(fù)雜社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)的法律法規(guī)有了巨大的增長(zhǎng)。從19世紀(jì)末開始，我們的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人拒絕接受“政府治理最好，治理最少”的觀點(diǎn)政府開始運(yùn)用權(quán)力來監(jiān)管經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。政府首先做的事情之一是通過監(jiān)管鐵路和公用事業(yè)來限制壟斷權(quán)的行使。此后，政府開始對(duì)電話、電力、燃料等公用事業(yè)費(fèi)用進(jìn)行管制。從那時(shí)起，一整套行業(yè)都受到了政府的監(jiān)管：金融市場(chǎng)、航空公司、卡車運(yùn)輸、駁船和水上交通、石油和天然氣管道等等。此外，近幾十年來，社會(huì)監(jiān)管發(fā)展迅速。我所說的社會(huì)監(jiān)管是什么意思？

W： 呃。。。比如。。。就像法律要求食品包裝上列出所有成分一樣？

M1：是的，這是一個(gè)很好的例子。有許多法律規(guī)范食品和化妝品。社會(huì)監(jiān)管還包括首先通過的保護(hù)礦山工人的法律，然后是一般工人的法律?，F(xiàn)在有了保護(hù)全社會(huì)的法律，例如空氣和水污染法規(guī)，以及核廢料等危險(xiǎn)材料的儲(chǔ)存和處置法規(guī)。還有汽車和消費(fèi)品的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如嬰兒汽車座椅。所有這些都是社會(huì)監(jiān)管的形式。自自由放任資本主義時(shí)代以來，我們已經(jīng)走過了很長(zhǎng)的一段路，當(dāng)時(shí)企業(yè)自由經(jīng)營(yíng)，政府不加約束。當(dāng)十九世紀(jì)的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人首次提出商業(yè)監(jiān)管時(shí)，這被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)激進(jìn)的想法。然而，隨著時(shí)間的推移，那個(gè)時(shí)代的激進(jìn)思想成為今天公認(rèn)的信念。普通公眾已經(jīng)接受甚至期待這些對(duì)資本主義的限制。

三、Government Management of Business 托福聽力問題：

Q1:

What is the discussion mainly about?

A.The history of large corporations

B.The regulation of business by government

C.Why corporations have so much power

D.Ways that governments spend money

Q2:

Why didthe students say this:

A.To recommend against buying stock in a corporation

B.To explain why consumers need to be very cautious

C.To give reasons why governments regulate corporations

D.To complain about negative trends in advertising

Q3:

According to the discussion,governments influence economic activity through which methods?

Click on two answers.

A.Taxation

B.Elections

C.Spending

D.Diplomacy

Q4:

Why does the professor say this?

A.To state his opinion about the role of government

B.To describe a controversial government policy

C.To show that corporations have political power

D.To explain the origins of government regulation

Q5:

According to the professor,what is the function of social regulation?

A.The control of social activities in a corporation

B.The protection of the society’s health and safety

C.The restriction of competition among businesses

D.The establishment of the school curriculum

Q6:

What can be inferred about government regulation of business?

A.Many people agree that the government should regulate business.

B.Capitalism does not succeed if there is government regulation.

C.Attitudes about regulation have changed very little in a century.

D.The government has no right to control how businesses operate.

四、Government Management of Business 托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：AC

A4:正確答案：D

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：A

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