新托福閱讀推理題

同學(xué)們您是否也想知道新托福閱讀推理題，這個(gè)問(wèn)題的分析和解答呢？相信你通過(guò)以下的文章內(nèi)容就會(huì)有更深入的了解，話不多說(shuō)，接下來(lái)就跟著中國(guó)教育在線小編一起看看吧。

新 托福 閱讀推理題

新托福閱讀推理題是比較讓童鞋們頭疼的一類題型，它考察的內(nèi)容多為隱藏在文章里、需要根據(jù)文章信息進(jìn)行合理推測(cè)得出的結(jié)論，這意味著正確選項(xiàng)不會(huì)是文章中直接出現(xiàn)的信息，而又必須能夠由文中信息推理得出。下面我們來(lái)了解一下推理題的兩種不同方向。

正向推理

正向推理指的是最后的答案往往是和文章所描述的內(nèi)容一致的，而這種特征一般視為“整體”和“部分”的一致性，所以正向推理也被稱為“整體與部分推理”。

正向推理包含兩種主要情形，一種叫做給定段里面沒(méi)有推理對(duì)象的情況，另外一種叫做有舉例引發(fā)的“整體與部分推理”。所謂“整體與部分推理”，就是文章里面講述一個(gè)特質(zhì)是A，下面選項(xiàng)中的特征也是A，這個(gè)特質(zhì)本身沒(méi)有變化。文章里面講什么特質(zhì)，下面選項(xiàng)中就是什么特質(zhì)，只不過(guò)一個(gè)是“整體”，一個(gè)是“部分”而已。

逆向推理

“逆向推理”又叫“取非式推理”，文章中講的是A，下面選項(xiàng)里最終答案是“非A”，此推理包含三種情形。

1.由新時(shí)間點(diǎn)引發(fā)的逆向推理

比如“now”表示現(xiàn)在，含有典型的暗轉(zhuǎn)折含義。事實(shí)上，凡是時(shí)間點(diǎn)概念，都暗示著轉(zhuǎn)折。比如說(shuō)：1999年澳門(mén)回歸了，這意味著1999年之前澳門(mén)沒(méi)有回歸。這條原則可能聽(tīng)起來(lái)怪怪的，但意義重大，以后我們做托福文章要比其他沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷過(guò)嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練的同學(xué)多長(zhǎng)一個(gè)心眼，但凡是有時(shí)間點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)，就意味著前后的特質(zhì)不一致，而這恰好是考點(diǎn)。

2.由新地點(diǎn)引發(fā)的逆向推理

事實(shí)上，它和第一點(diǎn)的內(nèi)涵是一致的，可以被統(tǒng)稱為“分類取非”。在文章中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)把一個(gè)大類分成兩個(gè)小類的情況，比如文章里面講述生物分為兩類，一類是動(dòng)物，一類是植物，這時(shí)文章里面會(huì)談到動(dòng)物和植物的“不同點(diǎn)”而不會(huì)是“相同點(diǎn)”。

3.由特定詞引發(fā)的逆向推理

這一類詞包括unlike、without以及所有能夠表示“比例”的詞等。一般推理題只要找準(zhǔn)用來(lái)推理的句子，然后按照上面兩種方法來(lái)做就不會(huì)有什么問(wèn)題了。

只要掌握了這些技巧，當(dāng)你在做托福閱讀時(shí)，也能像偵探一樣進(jìn)行“推理”了。

新托福閱讀推理題搶分大法

一、 推理題的標(biāo)志

推理題的題干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等詞，分為有共性的推理題和無(wú)共性的推理題兩大類。

二、 推理題的做法

對(duì)于無(wú)共性的推理題，也就是題干中無(wú)線索的，一般使用排除法，即根據(jù)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，通過(guò)排除法得出正確答案。

對(duì)于有共性的推理題，也就是題干中有線索的，建議考生可以先圈定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，然后進(jìn)行推理。推理題主要有下列思路：

1. 一般對(duì)比推理

ETS設(shè)計(jì)推理題的手段不多，根據(jù)兩個(gè)事物的對(duì)比特征出題是其中之一。問(wèn)其中一個(gè)事物的特征時(shí)，只要將與之形成對(duì)比的另一個(gè)事物的特征否定掉就可以了。

例如：

It should be obvious that cetaceans, whales, porpoises, and dolphins are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.

B. There were great numbers of them.

C. They lived in the sea only.

D. They did not leave many fossil remains.

2. 時(shí)間對(duì)比推理

這種思路常被考到。在這種推理中，一般有兩個(gè)形成對(duì)比的時(shí)間段，它們所具有的特征一般相反。當(dāng)題干問(wèn)一個(gè)時(shí)間段的特征時(shí)，只要將與之相反的時(shí)間段的特征否定掉就可以了。

例：

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….

…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.

It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution

(A) families were larger.

(B) population statistics were unreliable.

(C) the population grew steadily.

(D) economic conditions were bad.

3.集合概念推理

集合概念推理也可以稱之為百分比推斷，它指的是在一個(gè)集合中，包含兩個(gè)相對(duì)的方面，共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)大的集合。一方所占的比例減少意味著另一方所占比例的增加;反之，一方所占的比例增加意味著另一方所占比例的減少。根據(jù)這一思路，可以由集合中一方的數(shù)量變化推斷另一方的消減。

例：

A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. …Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada….

By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing.

What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?

(A) They value folk cultures.

(B) They have no social classes.

(C) They have popular cultures.

(D) They do not value individualism.

托福閱讀滿分需要具備哪些能力

托?？荚囍?，聽(tīng)力分?jǐn)?shù)決定了托?？偡值纳暇€，而閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)決定了托?？偡值南戮€。因此，想要保底托福成績(jī)，閱讀部分是大家復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。那么如果想要拿到閱讀部分的滿分，具體我們應(yīng)該怎么做，需要掌握哪些能力呢?

一、扎實(shí)詞匯基礎(chǔ)

新托福閱讀有一個(gè)很大的特色就是有專門(mén)考察單詞的題型，也就是詞匯題。

從文章中抽出一個(gè)單詞，給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，讓考生選擇與這個(gè)單詞詞義最接近最符合的。

這些詞匯并沒(méi)有大綱可以背，所以考生平時(shí)要注意大量的詞匯積累，尤其是一些學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科的詞匯。

二、了解基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

這是一項(xiàng)比較全面的考察學(xué)生英語(yǔ)能力的考試，從詞匯到句子，一直到篇章。

但是要理解句子的含義，只是認(rèn)識(shí)詞匯是不夠的，有的時(shí)候需要通過(guò)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)去分析。這種語(yǔ)法在很多題型中都有所體現(xiàn)。

三、牢記邏輯關(guān)系詞

理解英語(yǔ)句子要注重其邏輯關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系有并列(and, as well)，比較(than, as…as)，因果(because, so, therefore, thus, result from)，遞進(jìn)(also, furthermore)，轉(zhuǎn)折(but, however, yet)…

不僅句子內(nèi)有這些邏輯關(guān)系，句子和句子之間也有這些邏輯關(guān)系，這樣才能理清整篇文章的脈絡(luò)，提煉主要信息。

四、加強(qiáng)快速閱讀能力

每篇的時(shí)間規(guī)定20分鐘，這個(gè)時(shí)間包括閱讀長(zhǎng)篇的文章，和完成11或13道題目，所以時(shí)間非常緊張。

這個(gè)時(shí)候，閱讀的速度就非常關(guān)鍵了，因此，同學(xué)們平時(shí)加強(qiáng)閱讀速度的訓(xùn)練。

五、培養(yǎng)歸納能力

最后一大題都是以全文意思的歸納為基礎(chǔ)才能完成的，尤其是summary，考察考生對(duì)文章的整體把握。

因此考生在平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候一定要注意對(duì)文章段落的歸納，能夠在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)把文章段落的中心思想提煉出來(lái)。

平時(shí)多注重歸納能力的訓(xùn)練，考試的時(shí)候就不會(huì)害怕summary這種歸納概括類的題型了。

托福閱讀真題練習(xí)

托福閱讀文本：

In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as,every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.

Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system.

托福閱讀題目：

1. The passage mentions which of the following with respect to the fragments of comet

Shoemaker-Levy 9?

(A) They were once combine in a larger body.

(B) Some of them burned up before entering the atmosphere of Jupiter.

(C) Some of them are still orbiting Jupiter.

(D) They have an unusual orbit.

2. The word "collectively" in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) respectively

(B) popularly

(C) also

(D) together

3. The author compares the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 to all of the following

EXCEPT

(A) a dismembered body

(B) a train

(C) a pearl necklace

(D) a giant planet

4. Before comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter in July 1994, scientists

(A) had been unaware of its existence

(B) had been tracking it for only a few months

(C) had observed its breakup into twenty-odd fragments

(D) had decided it would not collide with the planet

5. Before the comet fragments entered the atmosphere of Jupiter, they were most likely

(A) invisible

(B) black

(C) frozen

(D) exploding

6. Superheated fireballs were produced as soon as the fragments of comet Shoemaker- Levy 9

(A) hit the surface of Jupiter

(B) were pulled into Jupiter's orbit

(C) were ejected back through the tunnel

(D) entered the atmosphere of Jupiter

7. The phrase "incinerated itself" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) burned up

(B) broke into smaller pieces

(C) increased its speed

(D) grew in size

8. Which of the following is mentioned as evidence of the explosions that is still visible onJupiter?

(A) fireballs

(B) ice masses

(C) black marks

(D) tunnels

9. Paragraph 2 discusses the impact of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 primarily in terms of

(A) its importance as an event of great scientific significance

(B) its effect on public awareness of the possibility of damage to Earth

(C) the changes it made to the surface of Jupiter

(D) the effect it had on television broadcasting

10. The "target" in line 20 most probably referred to

(A) Earth

(B) Jupiter

(C) the solar system

(D) a comet

托福閱讀答案：

ADDBC DACBA

以上就是“新托福閱讀推理題”的全部?jī)?nèi)容了，希望小編整理的資料能幫助到考生。如果想要了解更多相關(guān)資訊，歡迎關(guān)注留學(xué)頻道，為您提供更多精彩內(nèi)容。

>> 雅思 托福 免費(fèi)測(cè)試、量身規(guī)劃、讓英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)不再困難<<