托福閱讀答案解析
2023-10-15 09:07:29 來源:中國教育在線
托福閱讀答案解析,很多同學對于這個問題有疑問和不解,那么下面就跟著中國教育在線的小編詳細了解一下吧。
托福 閱讀答案解析
同學們可能對于新托福閱讀還不是非常了解,不知道閱讀主要考的是什么。小編今天為大家?guī)淼氖且酝耐懈i喿x真題解析,讓同學們對托福閱讀有個更加深刻的認識。
新托福閱讀題真題解析
2017年4月15日新托福閱讀題解析:大陸漂移Continental Drift分別說了4個不同的scientist在大陸漂移學說方面做出的學術研究。首先是一個人發(fā)現了同樣extinct的物種在不同大陸的fossil,他認為是因為那個時候有大陸橋(continental bridge)。第二個人認為大陸是由更大的陸地板塊分裂而來的,因為那個時候月球進入了地球的引力范圍,所以產生潮汐力使得大陸板塊分裂,他的證據是一個海底的mountain chain。第三個人寫了一本monumental的著作,提出了本來是個supercontinent然后分裂的說法,其證據有二:一是和當時的海岸線吻合,二是fossil體現出的古生物特征吻合。最后一個人支持前一個人的理論并且發(fā)現了一個有力的證據:一種淡水生物,在南非和古巴均有,而這種生物不可能在海水中游了這么遠去尋找另一個環(huán)境中條件差不多的淡水。最后,即使有這么多證據,當時很多地質學家還是不愿意接受這一理論。
20170225托福考試閱讀三篇文章是:The Chaco Roads(查科文明的道路),Essentials of Chinese Art(中國藝術的基本組成要素),和Iron and Steel in the United States in the Nineteenth Century(19世紀美國的鋼鐵業(yè))。第二篇文章話題第一次涉及,全文詞匯、長難句、語言抽象性都達到了爆表級別,待會重點講解。
考句1。A few long-term characteristics stand out, although, as important as these culturally distinctive elements were in the history of Chinese art, they still leave out much of significance and interest.難點:長難句中作者重心的把握,以及由此顯示出的作者態(tài)度;大段插入語割裂前后語義;插入語中本身又存在倒裝;詞組的靈活使用。解析:考生首先要知道as引導的句子如果發(fā)生倒裝,那么此時的as表示“雖然”引導讓步,所以原句中插在although后面的插入句恢復正常語序為“as these culturally distinctive elements were as important in the history of Chinese art”,這其中的第一個as=although,第二個as=so(做副詞修飾形容詞),所以這個句子也等同于“although these culturally distinctive elements were so important in the history of Chinese art”。于是整句話大結構變成“A few long-term characteristics…,although, although these culturally distinctive elements were so important in the history of Chinese art, they still…”,讓步中又有讓步,這是這句話最大的看點。整句話意思是:雖然這些(中國)文化特點在中國藝術史上是如此的重要,但是它們仍然沒有引起許多重視和興趣,但即便如此(沒有引起重視和興趣),這些長期存在的中國文化特點還是閃亮而出(stand out)。
考句2。Several lesser roadways from Chaco Canyon’s great houses of Pueblo Bonito and Chetro Ketl ascendChaco’s north wall to converge on Pueblo Alto. From there, the road travels 13 degree northeast for about 3 kilometers before heading directly north for nearly 48 kilometers across open country to Kutz Canyon, where it vanishes.難點設置:對生詞的考查和對道路細節(jié)描寫的準確理解/真正理解。解析:這兩句話中就考了3個詞匯題:ascend,converge,vanishes。合起來兩句話的意思準確理解為:幾條從Chaco峽谷里的大房子Pueblo Bonito 和大房子Chetro Ketl延伸出來的狹窄小路向上攀升,攀上了Chaco峽谷的北緣,然后這幾條小路匯聚于Pueblo Alto變成一條道路。從Pueblo Alto,這條路以北偏東13度的角度向北推進3千米,然后直直向正北推進了幾乎48千米穿越了廣袤地區(qū)最終到達了Kutz峽谷,在Kutz峽谷這條路就突然消失了。
閱讀題型內容都了解了,同學們還是要平時多加練習,多閱讀一些英文文章是再好不過了。
托福閱讀沖刺階段掌握哪些技巧
托福閱讀的沖刺階段,也是大家提分的關鍵階段在,這個過程中,我們具體的需要掌握哪些技巧呢?為大家整理了詳細的備考內容,供大家參考。
一、快速識別托福生詞
從某種意義上來講,你積累的英語詞匯量的多少,影響著你在托??荚囍腥〉玫某煽儭H绻f你具備的詞匯量達不到最基本的要求,即使你的語言能力再強也過不了托福難關。想要訓練閱讀能力首先就要從詞匯量上下手,只有掌握足夠多的詞匯后,你才具備他警告閱讀能力的最低標準。
遇到生詞,即使不知道什么意思,也可以根據上下文語境弄清它們之間的關系,運用邏輯推理的方法作出正確的答案。其次,還可以分析選項,進行對比,往往會發(fā)現選項中通常會出現兩個意思相反的選項,此時再仔細重讀原文就可以排除錯誤選項了。
二、遇到托福新話題不要慌
讀書破萬卷,下筆如有神,放在托福閱讀備考中依然適用。考生利用業(yè)余時間豐富自己的知識面,對各國或各地區(qū)等相關文化及常識有一定了解后,在參加托福考試時,當閱讀到自己有所了解的東西后,解題試題時就會比較有自信和感覺,不會因為自己的不了解或是不清楚,對文章要說的東西特別盲目,答題的準確率自然而然的也就會有所上升。
對于考試技巧,“適合別人的不一定適合自己”。考生可以根據自己的實際情況去訓練,盡快找到最適合自己的解鎖方式。當考試遇到新話題,不要慌張,一定要合理運用有限的時間,拿捏好做題的速度,多多聯(lián)系上下文,回憶相關話題,在規(guī)定時間內完成所有題目。
三、掌握SQ3R 法能快速了解文章邏輯
托福閱讀技巧中的SQ3R法能夠有效的加快閱讀速度,提升考生對文章邏輯的理解。面對一篇長篇文章,一定要做到五點。Scan. 掃讀 Question. 提問 Read. 閱讀 Review. 復讀 Recite。掃讀可以讓你對全文有個初步的了解。許多優(yōu)秀作品的提綱都遵循一套邏輯,讓讀者能輕松的熟悉和了解文章的主題素材。提問可以讓你知道每段的方向,和對文章內容的熟悉程度。做題的時候能夠快速定位,有些時候自己提問問題還能和題目重疊,提高答題效率。閱讀可以讓你熟知每段主旨,了解中心思想,明白作者用意。有利于預測和推論題。
四、題外話:考場預熱
托??荚囬喿x部分和聽力部分之間不會停頓,你沒有休息的時間,建議考生食用一頓合理豐富的早餐,做好考前的準備。另外就是在做題過程中可復查和修改答案,但由于這樣很浪費時間,請盡量一次性通過。如果遇到閱讀加試,托??忌鷮⒉粫桓嬷囊黄恼率羌釉囄恼隆<釉囯m然不算分,但是有可能會影響考生的成績,因此考生要認真對待加試題。做完一個部分的閱讀,系統(tǒng)會提示考生點擊“continue”進入下一部分,如果不按的話,系統(tǒng)大約等待1-2分鐘后會自動進入下一部分。
托福閱讀六選三題型解析
托福閱讀,作為四項中的拉分科目,對于大多數考生有著 " 用時短,見效快 " 的作用。就目前已經達分的同學成績綜合分析看來:90+的閱讀分數普遍在25分以上,100+的則大多數已經超過了27分。由此,解決托福閱讀題目中," 老大難 " 題目——總結題(又稱 " 六選三 " )是每一位考生的跨不過去的坎。
題型理解
不是細節(jié)題。如非必要,不要以細節(jié)題的角度去分析每個選項(如具體動詞/程度是否和原文一致),否則費力不討好。
可以這么理解最后一題的6個選項:ETS工作人員出題出到最后,屁股坐不住了,憑借著印象在沒有對應原文的基礎上大致例舉出的6個句子。(PS:TPO及真題中多次出現正確選項有程度較小的錯誤)
排除。單從數字上來考慮,6選3需要排除的選項個數和4選1一致,所以從該視角去看待最后一題心里不至于發(fā)怵。
不要輕易回原文看。崇尚完美主義的同學,往往會讀完每一個選項都要回到文章中找到對應的段落進行反復的對比。但是,一個句子和一個段落是沒有可比性的。百分之八十的同學們在這個地方石樂志。
解題步驟
對于全篇文章唯一分值為2的題目,我們應該給予足夠的尊重,無論什么情況下都要剩余 " 60-120 " 的時間應對該題。
段落大意的總結。每一段(大多數首/尾段去掉,本文不詳述)講的內容大致方向,能夠用2-3個單詞或者漢字概括。
長難句分析。對于六個選項,每句話篩出主干。
排除。主干如果覆蓋第二步概括的內容,留下;反之則果斷排除。
Pair選項二選一。當剩下的選項中有2個選項都在描述一個段落/層次的內容的話,必要的回到該段落判斷并排除其中一個選項。
例題(TPO11-2)
P1.
Intro/Back(略)
P2/3
Kramer initiated important new kinds of research regarding how animals orient and navigate. Orientation issimply facing in the right direction; navigation involves finding ones way from point A to point B.
Early in his research, Kramer found that caged migratory birds became very restless at about the time they would normally have begun migration in the wild. Furthermore, he noticed that as they fluttered aroundin the cage, they often launched themselves in the direction of their normal migratory route. He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was, in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast,at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. Kramer surmised, therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun. To test this idea, he blocked their view of the Sun and used mirrors to change its apparent position. He found that under these circumstances, the birds oriented with respect to the new " Sun." They seemed to be using the Sun as acompass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous.How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.
段意總結:某人做了某實驗,實驗步驟略,實驗結果:鳥參考太陽(TheSun)飛
P4
So, in another set of experiments, Kramer put identical food boxes around the cage, with food in only one of the boxes. The boxes were stationary, and the one containing food was always at the same point of the compass. However, its position with respect to the surroundings could be changed by revolving either the inner cage containing the birds or the outer walls, which served as the background. As long as the birds could see the Sun, no matter how their surroundings were altered, they went directly to the correct food box. Whether the box appeared in front of the right wall or the left wall, they showed no signs of confusion. On overcast days,however, the birds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box.
段意總結:某人做了另一個實驗,證明前文觀點,故本段沒有核心內容。
P5
In experimenting with artificial suns, Kramer made another interesting discovery. If the artificial Sun remained stationary,the birds would shift their direction with respect to it at a rate of about 15 degrees per hour, the Sun's rate of movement across the sky. Apparently, the birds were assuming that the "Sun" they saw was moving at that rate. When the real Sun was visible, however, the birds maintained a constant direction as it moved across the sky. In other words, they were able to compensate for the Sun's movement. This meant that some sort of biological clock was operating-and a very precise clock at that.
段意總結:某人做了另一個實驗,證明鳥存在生物鐘(BiologicalClock)幫助飛行
P6
What about birds that migrate atnight? Perhaps they navigate by the night sky. To test the idea, caged night-migrating birds were placed on the floor of a planetarium during their migratory period. A planetarium isessentially a theater with a domelike ceiling onto which a night sky can be projected for any night of the year. When the planetarium sky matched the sky outside,the birds fluttered in the direction of their normal migration. But when the dome was rotated, the birds changed their direction to match the artificial sky. The results clearly indicated that the birds were orienting according to the stars.
段意總結:某人做了另一個實驗,證明鳥在晚上(Night)靠看星星(Star)幫助飛行
題目
○B(yǎng)ecause caged birds become disoriented when the skyis overcast, Kramer hypothesized that birds orient themselves according to the Sun's position.
主干提到太陽(the Sun),保留
○ In one set of experiments, Kramer placed the box containing food at the same point of the compass each time he put food boxes inthe birds’ environment.
主干未提及前文總結內容,排除
○ Kramer demonstrated that an internal biological clock allows starlings to compensate for the Sun's movement.
主干提到生物鐘(biological clock),保留
○After several studies, Kramer surmised that an internal biological clock allows some species of birds to navigate at night.
主干提到生物鐘(biological clock)使得鳥在晚上(night)飛,雖然兩個段意都提及,但兩段間并無因果關系,排除。
○ The role of environmental cues in birds' navigation is clear, for on overcast days, birds use objects besides the Sun to orient themselves.
主干未提及前文總結內容,排除
○Kramer showed that night-migrating birds use the sky to navigate by the stars.
主干提到星星(star)使得鳥在晚上(night)飛,保留
托福閱讀怎么備考
其實托福閱讀考試中,如果大家掌握到正確的方法 ,也是很容易提高分數的。那么子啊具體的備考中,我們到底應該怎么做呢?為大家整理了相關的內容,供大家參考。
主動積累托福閱讀的背景知識
在考生們備考托福閱讀時,同樣的考題,大家熟悉的同時,另外還需要去掌握文章的背景知識,如此做題才會變得更輕松,做題速度以及準確率同樣都一定會提升許多,因此在這里提醒考生們,一定要在新托福備考時間里更加努力配備另一兵器——背景知識,這就等于是大家當備考過程里,還要更多的閱讀長文章,努力積累新托福閱讀里??嘉恼碌谋尘爸R,題材盡量廣泛,因為天文、地理、醫(yī)學、歷史、文化、教育、藝術等內容,在托??碱}里都會牽涉到。而新托福閱讀考試??嫉谋尘坝杏〉诎差}材的,動植物題材的,考古學題材的,美國歷史題材的等等,推薦考生多讀讀《國家地理雜志》和《DISCOVERY》。
主動閱讀文章的重要位置
何為主動?代表了不能夠如普通的閱讀般真正的被動地接受信息,要求的是持續(xù)的做思考和預測;而關鍵方面是每一段的開頭以及結尾地方。由于TOEFL閱讀理解文章全部是從正式出版物里選擇,文章的邏輯結構也就是相當的完整和嚴謹,同時出現的邏輯模式還是屈指可數。經過系統(tǒng)的訓練,考生的預測能夠做到十分準確的程度。這樣,借助閱讀文章的幾個重要的位置,就能很快地把握整個文章的結構和內在的邏輯關系,也就解決了問題的70%。
主動思考文章的邏輯結構
聽力包含了聽寫跟讀,閱讀有復述。當看完一整段以后,能不能把段落起承轉合整理至百分之八十的水平,一定要觀察到是否能夠把句間邏輯聯(lián)系抓住。在托福階段,邏輯基本都是用顯性的邏輯關聯(lián)詞作為代表,要熟記;在此基礎上,需要的是儲備經??匆姷亩温浣Y構,做到舉一反三,以不變應萬變來面對新文章,新段落。
以上,就是本文的全部內容分享,希望能給同學們帶來參考,如果您還有托福閱讀答案解析其他方面的疑問,歡迎隨時在線咨詢客服老師。
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