托福閱讀組織結(jié)構(gòu)題

同學(xué)們您是否也想知道托福閱讀組織結(jié)構(gòu)題，這個(gè)問(wèn)題的分析和解答呢？相信你通過(guò)以下的文章內(nèi)容就會(huì)有更深入的了解，話不多說(shuō)，接下來(lái)就跟著中國(guó)教育在線小編一起看看吧。

托福 閱讀組織結(jié)構(gòu)題

組織結(jié)構(gòu)題(Organization Question)是托福閱讀中出題頻次較低的一種題型，但是它的難度卻高于大部分題型，其難度體現(xiàn)在原文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何明顯結(jié)構(gòu)定義，我們只能依據(jù)原文中作者的暗示內(nèi)容來(lái)作出判斷。很多同學(xué)在遇到這種題型的時(shí)候，不知從何處下手，以致于花了大量時(shí)間又做不對(duì)題目的情況頻頻出現(xiàn)。下面我們來(lái)介紹單個(gè)段落結(jié)構(gòu)題和多個(gè)段落結(jié)構(gòu)題的出題規(guī)律和解題技巧，幫助同學(xué)們快速準(zhǔn)確地選出答案。

一：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)段落組織結(jié)構(gòu)題

單個(gè)段落組織結(jié)構(gòu)題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式：Which of the following best describes how paragraph X is organized?/What is the author's primary purpose in paragraph X?等。

解題切入點(diǎn)：段落首尾句。

真題演練：

Traditionally, it was believed that the transition to agriculture was the result of a worldwide population crisis. It was argued that once hunter-gathers had occupied the whole world, the population started to grow everywhere and food became scarce; agriculture would have been a solution to this problem. We know, however, that contemporary hunter-gatherer societies control their population in a variety of ways. The idea of a world population crisis is therefore unlikely, although population pressure might have arisen in some areas.

Which of the following best describes the way paragraph 2 is organized?

A A possible explanation for a phenomenon is presented and then criticized.

B Two similar ways of accounting for a puzzling fact are considered.

C Early societies’ response to a problem is contrasted with contemporary societies’ response.

D A prehistoric development is first explained in traditional terms and then in contemporary terms.

解題步驟詳述：

1.判斷題型，題目問(wèn)的是第二段的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此屬于單個(gè)段落結(jié)構(gòu)題。

2.理解段落首尾句，原文段落首尾句的意思分別是：“傳統(tǒng)上認(rèn)為農(nóng)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變是世界人口危機(jī)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果?！薄氨M管某些地區(qū)出現(xiàn)人口壓力，但是世界人口危機(jī)的觀點(diǎn)是不可能的?！?/p>

3.推測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合首尾句可推出本段落結(jié)構(gòu)大致為：先陳述了某個(gè)現(xiàn)象的原因， 然后又把該原因否決掉。

4.找出正確答案：A中提到criticize 符合上一步的結(jié)構(gòu)猜想，正確。B中的two similar ways在原文中未提及過(guò)，錯(cuò)誤。C中關(guān)于早期社會(huì)和當(dāng)代社會(huì)的比較在原文中也沒(méi)有提及，錯(cuò)誤。D中的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系不符合原文結(jié)構(gòu)，錯(cuò)誤。因此，本題答案為A選項(xiàng)。

二：多個(gè)段落組織結(jié)構(gòu)題

多個(gè)段落組織結(jié)構(gòu)題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式：What is the relationship between paragraphs X and Y in the passage?/What role does Paragraph X play in the passage?等。

解題切入點(diǎn)：段落首尾句+結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵詞。

真題演練：

Much population movement involved the opening up of new lands for rice cultivation. Two things made this possible and encouraged it to happen. First, the opening of the kingdom to the full force of international trade by the Bowring Treaty (1855) rapidly encouraged economic specialization in the growing of rice, mainly to feed the rice-deficient portions of Asia (India and China in particular). The average annual volume of rice exported from Siam grew from under 60 million kilograms per year in the late 1850s to more than 660 million kilograms per year at the turn of the century; and over the same period the average price per kilogram doubled. During the same period, the area planted in rice increased from about 230,000 acres to more than350,000 acres. This growth was achieve as the result of the collective decisions of thousands of peasants families to expand the amount of land they cultivated, clear and plant new land, or adopt more intensive methods of agriculture.

They were able to do so because of our second consideration. They were relatively freer than they had been half a century earlier. Over the course of the Fifth Reign (1868 – 1910), the ties that bound rural people to the aristocracy and local ruling elites were greatly reduced. Peasants now paid a tax on individuals instead of being required to render labor service to the government. Under these conditions, it made good sense to thousands of peasant families to in effect work full-time at what they had been able to do only part-time previously because of the requirement to work for the government: grow rice for the marketplace.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between paragraphs 3 and 4 in the passage?

A Paragraph 4 provides further evidence of the economic growth of Siam discussed in paragraph 3.

B Paragraph 4 continues the discussion begun in paragraph 3 of farming improvements that led to economic growth.

C Paragraph4 examines a particular effect of the Bowring Treaty mentioned in paragraph 3.

D Paragraph 4 discusses the second of two factors that contributed to the expansion of rice farming mentioned in paragraph 3.

解題步驟詳述：

1.判斷題型，題目問(wèn)的是第三段和第四段的關(guān)系，可知此題是多個(gè)段落結(jié)構(gòu)題。

2.閱讀兩段的首尾句并找結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵詞，第三段第二句中有提到two things，第三句緊接著提到first的內(nèi)容，但后文并未出現(xiàn)其他內(nèi)容，直到第四段第一句中出現(xiàn)了second。

3.推測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)兩段中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的列舉信號(hào)詞“first”和“second”可得出兩段是并列關(guān)系。

4.找出正確答案：A中的further 屬于遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，不符合結(jié)構(gòu)，錯(cuò)誤。B中的continues仍然屬于遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，錯(cuò)誤。C中effect，屬于因果關(guān)系，錯(cuò)誤。D中second of two符合并列關(guān)系，正確。因此，本題答案為D選項(xiàng)。

三：組織結(jié)構(gòu)題規(guī)律總結(jié)

通過(guò)上面兩道例題，可以觀察出結(jié)構(gòu)題在考察時(shí)容易出現(xiàn)以下四種關(guān)系：1.并列關(guān)系(first，second，one of two等);2.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(but，however，not，impossible等);3.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系(continue，further，more over，in addition等);4.因果關(guān)系(therefore，because，reason，effect等)。所以，在遇到組織結(jié)構(gòu)題時(shí)可聯(lián)系上述關(guān)系對(duì)號(hào)入座，快速選出正確選項(xiàng)。

托福閱讀的文章結(jié)構(gòu)題怎么做

托福閱讀文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。分為三種：A、文章前面的段落內(nèi)容是什么?B、文章下面接著將要講什么?C、文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)是什么?

對(duì)于以上三類結(jié)構(gòu)題型，推斷托福閱讀文章前面內(nèi)容要立足文章首句，因?yàn)槲恼率拙涑猩蠁⑾?，考生尤其要注意首句中諸如this、so之類的結(jié)構(gòu)詞。

預(yù)測(cè)下文內(nèi)容的題則分兩步走：首先，讀各段首句，它們會(huì)顯示文章內(nèi)容的邏輯走向。其次，豎看文章每段首句，橫看文章最后一句，其他句子都是文章所講內(nèi)容，而不是下面將要講的內(nèi)容，不過(guò)干擾性選項(xiàng)往往來(lái)自文章所講的內(nèi)容中。

至于文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)題，考生只要讀每段首句即可，因?yàn)檫@些句子就是文章框架。

新托福閱讀背景知識(shí)

托福閱讀的復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中，同學(xué)們可以多了解一些相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)，這樣也能夠輔助我們更好地了解托福閱讀文章。為經(jīng)典整理了一些比較常考的背景知識(shí)，供大家參考復(fù)習(xí)。

“垮掉的一代”

50年代沉悶的政治空氣使許多青年感到窒息，他們吸毒、群居，以頹唐、放縱的生活方式來(lái)表示自己的抗議。其中有些人把這種生活與情緒寫(xiě)入文學(xué)作品，這便是“垮掉的一代”文學(xué)。這種文學(xué)發(fā)展到60年代后，在國(guó)內(nèi)民主運(yùn)動(dòng)高漲的背景下，增加了一些政治色彩。但是對(duì)他們中許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，東方宗教與東方哲學(xué)更具有吸引力。“垮掉的一代”在詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作方面較有生氣，并恢復(fù)了美國(guó)詩(shī)歌朗誦的傳統(tǒng)。

新托福閱讀真題

大家如果想要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)更有效的提升閱讀水平，那么可以多看一些往期的考試真題，這樣能夠讓大家更深入的了解托福閱讀考試的題目?jī)?nèi)容。就為大家整理了7月1日托福閱讀真題的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，供大家參考。

托福閱讀考試日期：

2018年7月1日

新托福閱讀題目回憶：

life on mars重復(fù)2016年5月7日大陸題目

火星探索發(fā)現(xiàn)表面沒(méi)有水減少了有生命的可能，有個(gè)很久前火星的隕石飛來(lái)地球的極圈很冷能基本無(wú)污染的保存下來(lái)，科學(xué)家打開(kāi)來(lái)檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)有種長(zhǎng)得像地球遠(yuǎn)古生物(蟲(chóng)?)的生物的可能，但是其他科學(xué)家說(shuō)這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)太小了不可能有生物的基本功能。還發(fā)現(xiàn)了carbon的元素，這是地球生命產(chǎn)生的必須物質(zhì)，但又有指出說(shuō)這是地球生物的必須還是不能證明火星能有生命。

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