怎樣寫好雅思大作文開頭

2023-08-15 10:25:49 來源：中國教育在線

很多同學(xué)都很關(guān)注怎樣寫好雅思大作文開頭這個問題，那么接下來就跟著中國教育在線小編一起來看看吧，相信你通過以下的文章內(nèi)容就會有更深入的了解。

怎樣寫好雅思大作文開頭

在雅思寫作中，一個好的開頭段不僅抓住讀者的注意力，引起閱讀興趣，亦要點明中心論點，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文，其重要性可見一斑。在雅思大作文的寫作中，開頭段一般由general statement，argument， thesis statement兩部分構(gòu)成。

1General Statement

General Statement的主要作用是介紹寫作背景，引入話題。

但是值得注意的是：不能照抄題目，應(yīng)用同義詞、近義詞替換題目中的相關(guān)詞語，

并用不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫題目中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Example 1:

It is widely believed that mothers are by nature better parents than fathers. It is therefore more important for mothers to spend time with children than fathers. Others think fathers make equally good parents. What is your opinion?

在這個題目中，首先我們可以看到題干表述用了三個句子，首先我們要區(qū)分哪句是general statement，哪句是arguments. 其實很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，通常句中間有明顯闡述觀點表達的，就是arguments, 而做客觀陳述的就是general statement，其位置一般是題目的第一句。上題中 It is widely believed that mothers are by nature better parents than fathers，就是我們要拿來做同義改寫，放到我們開頭段作為背景的句子。同義改寫可以采取以下技巧：

1 同義句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

如 It is widely believed that… 這個句套表達某事情是眾所周的，它有很多同義句型，如 It is generally assumed that…, Common knowledge is that…, 等。

2 同義詞，近義詞，同義結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。

如by nature 這個介詞詞組表達的含義是，自然天性上的，在原句中作為be動詞的表語，我們可以改寫為一個同義名詞詞組，nurturing instinct，自然天性的意思。相應(yīng)的，前面的謂語動詞要發(fā)生變化，搭配have。

3 造并列結(jié)構(gòu)。

有的時候我們可能發(fā)現(xiàn)原題中的表述無論詞語還是句型都不是很輕易的可以找出同義結(jié)構(gòu)出來，那么我們可以采取并列結(jié)構(gòu)，即并列兩個近義詞語義，或者反義詞再加否定結(jié)構(gòu)。

上題中的better parents than 可以改為 better or less dispensable parents than

通過上面的三個步驟，我們就可以成功的將原題的背景句改寫為我們開頭段的general statement。

原題：It is widely believed that mothers are by nature better parents than fathers.

改寫完后：It is generally assumed that women have a ‘nurturing instinct’that somehow makes them better or less dispensable parents than fathers are.

General Statement常用句型：

With the development of science and technology, great changes have taken place in…in the past few years. (雖常用，但已被濫用，建議減少使用)

Along with the increasingly rapid _____________, more problems are brought to our attention.

The issue of whether or not __________ has been widely/ heatedly/ debated currently/recently.

When it comes to whether …, some… are strongly against it, claiming….

It is generally accepted/ It is indeed the case that most countries have seen an increase in _______ over recent years.

2Argument(爭議)

Argument即為題目表述的觀點的立場，不同題目的立場表述大有不同。

(1)有的題目中只有一個立場

e.g. Countries with a long average working time are more economically successful than those countries which do not have a long working time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

在我們寫的開頭段，在寫完general statement后，直接用One point is that…把原題的立場(countries with a long average working time are more economically successful than those countries which do not have a long working time) 同義轉(zhuǎn)述即可。

值得注意的是，這個題目本身沒有背景句，所以寫general statement的時候，需要我們根據(jù)題目的argument進行總結(jié)。

亦或者可以general statement 和argument這兩個部分合并為一個部分，

這個題目可寫成：The issue of whether or not countries with a long average working hours are more successful in terms of economic development than those countries which do not have a long working time has been heatedly debated currently. As far as I am concerned, …

(2)有的題目中包含兩個互相否定或者相關(guān)的立場

e.g. Some scientists think it is very soon that computers will be more intelligent than human. Some people think it is a positive development, while others think it is a negative development. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

e.g. Some people think the best way to reduce crimes is to give longer prison sentence. Others,however, think there are better alternative ways to reduce crime. Discuss and give your opinion.

這樣的題目，在開頭段寫完general statement后，要把題目雙方的立場都轉(zhuǎn)述，不可減少或刪除一方立場。

如 Some people think it is a positive development, while others think it is a negative development. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

可以轉(zhuǎn)述為：Quite a few people claim that it has brought great benefits. On the other hand, those who think differently argue that it inevitably would has negative influence.

3Thesis Statement (總論點)

Thesis Statement簡單來說就是作者對某一寫作話題所持的明確觀點。例如：

1 In my opinion/ As far as I am concerned/ To my mind, students should wear uniforms in school.

2 While the majority may like to live in a large family, I prefer to the small one.

在雅思寫作中，文章的立場，也就是全文的總論點，主要分兩種：有傾向性立場和兩邊支持.

有傾向性(一邊倒)

有傾向性的立場一般在文章的開頭即表明本文的立場，同意或者不同意，或者多大程度地同意和不同意。

在劍橋雅思的考官范文中，有一個題目涉及對教育免費的商榷：All education,primary, secondary school and further education, should be free to all people and paid for by the government. Do you agree or disagree with the statement?

考官在范文的開頭段中即明確表明自己的立場：I certainly agree with the statement that this should be the case.

當(dāng)然，有傾向性的立場還包含讓步的觀點，這種立場的文章多見于以to what extent do you agree or disagree?提問的論題。

如：Environmental problems should be solved by the government instead of individuals and private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

在考官范文的開頭段中，立場是這樣表明的：I concede that the government should lead the efforts in addressing the environmental problems. Nevertheless, cooperation and participation from the cooperations and individual citizens are essential as well.

讓步的立場并不需要糾結(jié)于在句子中回答到底agree 或者disagree沒有, 清楚的說明自己的觀點即可。

值得注意的是，觀點有傾向性并不代表思路有局限性。在辯論中，作者既要證明自己的觀點，同時也要回應(yīng)對方的觀點，也就是說能夠站在不同的角度看同一個事情，并且能看到各自的優(yōu)劣。

兩邊都支持

這種文章立場一般常見于discuss both view and give your opinion這種提問方式的題目。立場一般建議在結(jié)尾段點明，并且要在結(jié)尾段明確題干兩者之間的關(guān)系。

雅思大作文立論段與讓步反駁段的順序問題

雅思大作文整體由三個部分組成：開頭段——主體段——結(jié)尾段，其中主體段又分為立論段(支持自己觀點的段落)與讓步反駁段。這兩段是兩個對立面，是對于題目中的觀點所產(chǎn)生的正反兩個不同方面的看法，通常是決定大作文分?jǐn)?shù)高低的關(guān)鍵段落，因此，里面有很多細節(jié)問題值得提醒大家注意。

例如：

1. In some countries，young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. ( C5T2 )

在這篇經(jīng)典的雙邊討論題型中，考官所持的立場是支持gap year這件事，文章的布局是先寫出立論段，即在主體段第一段先討論了他支持的觀點gap year這件事的advantages：

1)have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.

2)They tend to be more independent.

然后在主體段第二段先讓步討論了gap year這件事的disadvantages：

end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment，

然后在這一段緊接著列出反駁部分：

But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable job.

2. Some people believe that children’s leisure activities must be educational; otherwise they are a complete waste of time. Do you agree or disagree? (C3T1)

這道題考官所站的立場是“不同意孩子們的休閑活動也需要有教育意義”，因此整篇文章的立論段就是在論述“孩子們的休閑活動也需要有教育意義”這個觀點的不正確。

讓步反駁段應(yīng)該是先討論“孩子們的休閑活動也需要有教育意義”這個觀點的合理性然后再來駁斥掉。

然而考官范文的順序卻是先寫了：

as access to the best education and best jobs is becoming more competitive, and then it is true that children have to make the best of their study time when they are young(讓步部分的觀點). However, the parents who do not allow their children sufficient free time for leisure activities are misguided.(直接反駁)

然后再詳細論述個人觀點：孩子們的休閑活動需要玩耍。

1)It is important to remember that children need to develop skills other than intellectual ones.

2)Many children form strong personal relationships with the friends they play with, and without the opportunity to do this, they could grow up emotionally immature or unformed.

由這兩篇范文可見，一般情況下，立論段和讓步反駁段的順序是靈活的，誰在前面都可以，但他們之間的對立關(guān)系始終不變。

然而，當(dāng)題目中出現(xiàn)極端表達時，如everyday, everyone, all, only, 或否定詞：do not, cannot, will not等。

2017 年 1 月 21 日=2014 年 1 月 9 日

The best way for the government to solve traffic congestion is to provide free public transport 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Do you agree or disagree?

2016 年 9 月 10 日

Many customs and the traditional ways of behavior are no longer relevant to the modern life and no worth keeping. Do you agree or disagree?

題目當(dāng)中的絕對詞常常是我們反駁的靶子，這個特點決定這種題型的常見回應(yīng)方式是先讓步后立論。

這就好比你拒絕一個不喜歡的告白對象，高情商的拒絕方法是先承認對方的好(讓步部分)，然后再委婉拒絕(直接反駁)，接著再列舉你們不合適的理由(立論段)，與結(jié)尾段“拒絕的意味”一脈相承，邏輯上也較為通順，這種方法比起那些直男式的拒絕方法(直接說出你們不合適)要顯得有溫度得多。

Discuss題型有非常明顯的對立雙方，最常見的形式是some people think…while other people suggest…這種題型的寫法可以是“一邊倒”(只支持其中一方的觀點)，也可以是“墻頭草”，即對雙方都表示支持或都表示反對。

在這種“墻頭草兩邊倒”的情況下，段落之間的連接詞仍用however，反駁前一段的說法就顯得有失偏頗，就沒有反駁部分了，因此兩個主體段的位置可以互換。

e.g. (C8T1)

利弊分析/優(yōu)劣勢題目(advantages and disadvantages)相對比較少見，通常作者是有傾向性的，無論優(yōu)勢劣勢，你傾向的那一段就是立論段。這個特點決定這種題型的和其他題型一樣可以先讓步后立論。

雅思大作文年輕人頻繁換工作原因的分析

雅思大作文題目：The young people in the workforce are changing their jobs or career every few years. What do you think are the reasons? Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

破題角度

整體分析

這篇大作文是比較少見的混合型出題形式，采取了“原因+利弊”的混合方式，所以大家在寫這篇作文的時候一定要記得在主體段去回答原因以及分析利弊。缺乏任何一個部分都屬于TR評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的描述“addresses the task only partially”，這對應(yīng)的是5分的TR，所以課上一再強調(diào)的“審題”大家每次寫大作文之前一定要去做!

核心片段分析

第一部分：

年輕人換工作的原因。這里討論的時候需要注意到限定詞“年輕人”，所以跳槽的理由或者論證中如果去寫“他們經(jīng)驗豐富”，那么就會導(dǎo)致失分。大家想點的時候可以從下面這兩個去進行討論：

1.謀求更高的收入

2.不斷尋找自己喜歡和擅長的工作單位和領(lǐng)域

第二部分：

年輕人換工作的利弊

Fred認為年輕人經(jīng)常換工作是一個弊大于利的事情，因此，這里好處我們寫一個，壞處可以寫兩個。

好處：

這里注意在寫好處的時候就必須跟我們原因部分的內(nèi)容盡量區(qū)分開，

不能再去寫“能夠帶來更高的收入”以及“找到適合自己的工作”，

這樣避免內(nèi)容上的重復(fù)。