雅思作文:圖表寫作全攻略
2024-06-06 11:51:49 來源:中國教育在線
如果大家想進(jìn)入國外大學(xué),那么基本上都需要準(zhǔn)備語言成績,下面是由小編為大家整理的“雅思作文:圖表寫作全攻略”,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀本文。
一、出題本質(zhì)
雅思的A類小作文Task One主要包括與數(shù)字有關(guān)的圖形題 就像Microsoft的Office中有一款Excel電子表格。利用填入數(shù)字產(chǎn)生不同類型的表格,方便人們找到主要的信息。換句話講,表格就能夠演變成柱狀圖、曲線圖、餅圖。只要我們知道如何寫表格題,其他的圖也是一樣的寫法,而且更為直觀。所以必須先學(xué)會分析和描述表格題。
二、題目的要求
題目要求:Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
題目中的動詞就是指令。我們只要照著做,分?jǐn)?shù)就可以得全。
Summarize 意味著:你需要有概括性的句子,概括的是main features 通常來講,與數(shù)字有關(guān)的特性就有兩項。第一項:隨時間變化的數(shù)字就是趨勢;第二項:有不同對象的數(shù)字就是比較。換句話講,只要把題目中的這些特性概括出來,文章的最主要內(nèi)容就完成了。接下來,就是用具體的數(shù)字作為例子來強(qiáng)調(diào)這種特性是存在的。
Make comparisons意味著具體寫作的時候,應(yīng)該有一個基準(zhǔn)對象即切入點(diǎn),其他的對象都要和它進(jìn)行比較(或者相同,或者不同)。
在明確這些任務(wù)后,關(guān)于這種文章的語言問題應(yīng)該注意的是寫簡單而正確的句子,此外注意時態(tài);用簡單而詞性正確的單詞,此外注意避免重復(fù)。
三、圖表寫作常用語言
1、描述數(shù)字比較的常用句型及詞匯
談?wù)摂?shù)字比較的技巧:
a、兩者的比較
尋求一個切入點(diǎn)(比較大的值),隨后與另一個值進(jìn)行比較。通過數(shù)值強(qiáng)調(diào)比較的差值。比較有三種表示方法:
第一種:直接展示法
e.g. 王浩 6:7馬琳 (The score of Mr. Wang is 6, compared with 7, that of Mr. Ma. )
第二種:減法subtraction (more, less, fewer)
The score of Mr. Ma is 7, 1 more than that of Mr. Wang. 7 = 1+(6)
第三種:尋找倍數(shù) times
e.g. Mr. Chows IQ 80: 160 Mr. foots IQ
Mr. Foots IQ reaches 160, 2 times (double) Mr. Chows IQ.
Mr. Wang Yis popularity 20%: 10% Mr. Taos popularity
Water consumption in Brazil and Congo in 2000
CountryPopulationIrrigated landWater consumption per personBrazil176 million26,500 km2359 m3Democratic Republic of Congo5.2 million100 km28 m3
In 2000, the water consumption per person of Brazil with 176 million people reached 359 m3, compared with 8 m3, that of Democratic Republic of Congo at the population of 5.2 million. The area of irrigated land in the former was found 26,500 km2, 265 times that of the latter.
NB:在描述的過程中,始終要記得名詞需要配合量詞使用(因為服務(wù)對象是數(shù)字)。此外,因為比較同樣的對象,因此比較的前后在詞性必須保持一致。如:The percentage of Brazil is more than Congo.這樣的句子就是一種錯誤。
b、三者或三者以上的比較
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Family typeProportion of people from each
household type living in povertysingle aged person
aged couple
single, no children
couple, no children
sole parent
couple with children
all households 6%(54,000)
4%(48,000)
19%(359,000)
7%(211,000)
21%(232,000)
12%(933,000)
11%(1,837,000)
題目特點(diǎn):比較數(shù)值眾多(3者以上,應(yīng)用最高級),基線明顯(黑體字,起作用是其他的數(shù)值的比較對象,并幫助我們進(jìn)行數(shù)字分類)。
所有的數(shù)值代表的是在某一種特定的家庭中貧困人數(shù)的比例 (The percentage of people fromin poverty)
來自所有家庭中貧困的比例達(dá)到11%,其對應(yīng)equivalent to 大概1.8 million。在單身和單親家庭中貧困人數(shù)的比例,最高的兩個,相當(dāng)于上面平均值the above average的2倍,但是在兩者中有孩子的家庭貧困比率達(dá)到21%,比沒有孩子的家庭高了2%。相似的,那些有孩子的雙親家庭的比例是12%,略高于平均值,要比沒有孩子的雙親家庭的比例高出了5%,明顯低于平均值。在所有的家庭種類中,那些有老年人的家庭貧困的比例最低分別是6%和4%,并且有兩個老年人的貧困家庭比例更低些。The percentage of people from all household in poverty reaches 11%, equivalent to nearly 1.8 million. That of poor single family without children and sole-parent family, the top two, is about double 11%, but that of the latter, 21%, higher 2% than that of the former. Similarly, the percentage of people from couple-with-children family in poverty is 12%, slightly higher than the average, more 5% than that of couple-without-children family, lower than the average. Of all family types, those with aged people have the lowest percentage in poverty, 4% and 6%, and the proportion with aged couple is lower.2、描述數(shù)字變化的常用句型及詞匯
趨勢寫作 identify trend
12個單詞 + 3個句式 + 4個連接詞
a、12個單詞
趨勢描述單詞注意事項上升grow, climb, soar1.其中soar和sink為極限詞匯,不能添加任何修飾;
2.在句子和文章中,事實上很少用到上述動詞的原型,相反使用最多的是它們的過去式,以及對應(yīng)的名詞;
3.上升和下降需要和數(shù)字建立連接,可供選擇的介詞to, by, of
To 配合動詞和名詞,表示達(dá)到
By/of 表示變化了;by跟在動詞后面,而of跟在名詞后面下降drop, fall, sink平穩(wěn)stay unchanged at+不變的值 波動varybetweenand(兩個極值;名詞fluctuation betweenand 程度dramatically (significantly)劇烈的;progressively (gradually)逐漸的;slightly (slowly)緩慢的表中所提供的單詞均為副詞,需搭配動詞使用;如果需要搭配、修飾名詞,則上述的詞匯應(yīng)變?yōu)樾稳菰~,即:dramatic, progressive, slight
b、3個重要的句式:
例句:在2005年到2006年間,當(dāng)澳洲當(dāng)?shù)氐乃M(fèi)usage charge增加了每千升per kiloliter 0.25元。(看看下面的三種不同表達(dá)形式)
(1)主謂句(強(qiáng)調(diào)量詞的變化)
The usage charge in Australia grew by $0.25 per kiloliter during 2005-2006.
(2) 主謂賓句(強(qiáng)調(diào)量詞的變化,詞性變化)
The usage charge in Australia had a growth of $0.25 per kiloliter between 2005 and 2006.
(3) 被動句(強(qiáng)調(diào)變化本身)
A growth of $0.25 per kiloliter was found in the usage charge in Australia over 1 year to Year 2006.
NB: 表示時間的變化,常用的手法
Fromto; betweenand; during-; for/over時間差to終止時間
c、4個連接詞
第一種:一個對象在不同時期的變化(時間變化),before /, after which
第二種:不同對象的比較 similarly (= The similar pattern is found in) / however (In contrast,)
例題:在過去的2年中,中國的GDP(Gross Domestic Production)增長了10%,預(yù)計在明年GDP仍可能增長8%左右。但是,日本的GDP在過去的2年中,基本呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢,而且預(yù)計明年下降得更猛烈。In the recent 2 years, GDP of China has grown by 10%, after which it is estimated to climb by 8% next year. In contrast, a dropping trend, in the last 2 years, has been found in that of Japan, before it is predicted to be more dramatic.
當(dāng)不是特別能夠確定圖表的具體數(shù)值時,我們可以在數(shù)字前加上about, around, nearly, approximately, or so等一些比較模糊的副詞修飾。
看一道例題:
During 1979- 1999, visits overseas by UK residents, about 12 million in 1979, had a growth to nearly 52 million. The similar pattern was found in visits to the UK by international residents from around 10 million to 30 million. 6.5分
UK residents, about 12 million in 1979, had a growth to nearly 52 million. The similar pattern was found in visits to the UK by international residents from around 10 million to 30 million, but climbing slower than the former. 7分
In 1979, visits abroad by UK residents, 2 million more than those to the UK by overseas residents, was 12 million, after which a dramatic rise to nearly 52 million was found in 1999, when the similar pattern was seen in the visits to the UK by international residents to nearly 30 million. 8分
NB:高分的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是信息量較大的,而且處處充斥著比較和對比的感覺。在一個句子中,充分利用插入語-解釋和補(bǔ)充,以及非限制性定語從句來補(bǔ)充其他的內(nèi)容,最后利用similarly或however進(jìn)行比較。
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