（雅思課外精讀）新冠疫情中沃爾瑪成為美國零售業(yè)的贏家

隨著留學(xué)市場(chǎng)的不斷發(fā)展，越來越多的學(xué)生選擇留學(xué)。如果你也是想要留學(xué)的學(xué)生之一，那么你就需要參加語言考試，其中雅思托福就是最為常見的英語考試，下面中國教育在線外語頻道小編就為大家介紹一下【雅思課外精讀】新冠疫情中，沃爾瑪成為美國零售業(yè)的贏家。

*注：本文摘自11月21日《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》

Beastly earnings暴利Walmart has another stellar quarter沃爾瑪會(huì)迎來一個(gè)發(fā)展之期The pandemic is producing clear winners and losers among Americas retailers新冠疫情中，美國零售業(yè)的贏家和輸家正在產(chǎn)生

1. HOW HAVE Americas retailers coped with covid-19? Were still learning, declared John Furner, who runs Walmarts vast American operations, on November 17th, as the supermarket giant reported third-quarter results. He is being too modest. Walmart, as well as a handful of other big firms such as Target, its smaller rival, and Home Depot, a DIY Goliath benefiting from housebound home-improvers staring at dingy walls and outdated kitchens, are thriving.

美國的零售商是如何應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情的?11月17日，在超市巨頭沃爾瑪公布第三季度業(yè)績時(shí)，負(fù)責(zé)沃爾瑪美國業(yè)務(wù)的約翰弗納稱:我們還在努力學(xué)習(xí)。他太謙虛了。沃爾瑪和其他一些大公司，如其較小的競(jìng)爭對(duì)手塔吉特(Target)和DIY巨頭家得寶(Home Depot)，都在蓬勃發(fā)展。家得寶從那些困守家中只能盯著家里臟兮兮的墻壁和毫無時(shí)尚感的廚房的居家人士身上賺得盆滿缽滿。

2. Paul Lejuez of Citigroup, a bank, described the three months to October as another stellar quarter for Walmart. Total global revenues increased by 5.2%, year on year, to $135bn. If anything, international sales, which grew by just 1.3%, dragged down strong performance in America, which accounts for the bulk of revenues; Walmart has said it will sell most of its flagging Japanese supermarkets. By contrast, domestic comparable-store sales, a standard industry metric, rose by 6.4%. Home Depots quarterly revenues shot up by 23% compared with a year ago, to $33.5bn, keeping up the previous quarters pace. Targets operating profit nearly doubled to $1.9bn.

花旗銀行的Paul Lejuez將截止到今年十月的沃爾瑪?shù)谌径确Q作是又一個(gè)輝煌季度。沃爾瑪全球總收入同比增長5.2%，達(dá)到1350億美元。如果說有什么不足的話，就是沃爾瑪國際銷售額僅增長了1.3%，拖了后腿，畢竟美國市場(chǎng)正在強(qiáng)勁增長中，而國際銷售額是沃爾瑪收入的主要來源。沃爾瑪表示，將出售旗下大部分效益不好的日本超市。相比之下，作為行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國內(nèi)同店銷售額增長了6.4%。家得寶的季度收入與去年同期相比增長了23%，達(dá)到335億美元，保持了上一季度的增長速度。塔吉特的營業(yè)利潤幾乎翻了一番，達(dá)到19億美元。

3. Shining retail stars mask darkness elsewhere in the industry. American shoppers rebounded faster than elsewhere in the rich world (see chart). But retail sales grew by just 0.3% last month, compared with the one before, the slowest in half a year. They softened in most of the 13 categories tracked. As investors swooned over Walmart and Home Depot, Kohls, a middling retail chain, reported falling revenues. The distinction between the haves and the have-nots has gotten even sharper, says Simeon Gutman of Morgan Stanley, an investment bank.

零售業(yè)明星企業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展使人們忽視了這個(gè)行業(yè)的問題。美國消費(fèi)者的反彈速度比其他發(fā)達(dá)國家都要快(見圖表)。但是上個(gè)月的零售額與之前相比僅增長了0.3%，是半年來最慢的。在被追蹤的13個(gè)零售商品類別中，大多數(shù)都出現(xiàn)了疲軟。當(dāng)投資者因沃爾瑪和家得寶的增長感到暈眩時(shí)，中等規(guī)模的零售連鎖企業(yè)科爾(Kohls)報(bào)告收入下降。投資銀行摩根斯坦利的Simeon Gutman說:大企業(yè)和小企業(yè)之間的分化更加嚴(yán)重了。

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4. Mr Gutman points to the successful firms superior management of diverse, global supply chains. This allows shoppers to satisfy most of their retail needs in one storeparticularly important in a pandemic, when people are keen to limit their outings. Walmarts customers make fewer trips to the store but spend more whenever they do, he notes.

Gutman指出，這些大公司對(duì)其全球供應(yīng)鏈進(jìn)行了卓越的管理，使得顧客能夠在一家店里買到大部分商品，這在疫情期間尤為重要，因?yàn)橐咔槠陂g人們都在盡力減少出行。他說，沃爾瑪?shù)念櫩腿ド痰甑拇螖?shù)減少了，但花的錢卻更多了。

5. The star retailers biggest edge, though, comes from e-commerce. Walmart in particular upped its e-game just in time to benefit from a pandemic surge in online shopping. A survey of American shoppers by McKinsey, a consultancy, found that kerbside pick-up has nearly doubled from pre-covid levels, and in-store click and collect sales have shot up by nearly 50% from last year. Walmarts digital sales leapt by nearly 80% in the latest quarter, year on year, to $10bn. That is still less than 8% of revenuesbut more than in the whole of 2016, according to Morgan Stanley. The fast-approaching holiday shopping season is likely to bring even more online sales than usual, says Mr Gutman.

這些明星零售企業(yè)的優(yōu)勢(shì)還是來自電子商務(wù)。尤其是沃爾瑪，它及時(shí)升級(jí)了其電子游戲，導(dǎo)致其在疫情期間的網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物中獲益頗多。麥肯錫咨詢公司對(duì)美國消費(fèi)者的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，街道提貨比新冠之前幾乎翻了一番，而店內(nèi)點(diǎn)擊提貨的銷售額比去年上升了近50%。沃爾瑪?shù)臄?shù)字銷售額在最近一個(gè)季度同比增長了近80%，達(dá)到100億美元。摩根士丹利稱，這仍不到總收入的8%，但已經(jīng)超過了2016年的全年水平。Gutman表示，快速臨近的假日購物季可能會(huì)帶動(dòng)比以往更多的在線銷售。

6. By doubling down on digital, Walmart is taking on Amazons e-emporium. The tech giant is not taking this lying down. On November 17th it launched its long-awaited digital pharmacy. This threatens not just chemists such as Walgreens and CVS but also Walmart, which sells prescription drugs in over 4,000 of its big-box stores. When it comes to e-commerce, Mr Furners humility is fully justified.

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