（雅思課外精讀）特朗普引領男性化妝新時代

2024-07-11 10:13:41 來源：中國教育在線

隨著全球化的加速和教育的多樣化，越來越多的學生選擇留學，而在申請國外大學時，語言考試是繞不開的一環(huán)，本文和大家說一說：【雅思課外精讀】特朗普引領男性化妝新時代，一起往下來看看吧。

【雅思課外精讀】特朗普引領男性化妝新時代

Is it time to try Trumps favorite concealer? The rise of mens makeup

是時候試試特朗普最喜歡的遮瑕了？男人化妝興起

With men looking to counteract Zoom fatigue and Rihanna stepping in to launch Fenty Skin, is makeup for men finally about to go mainstream?

男性想要消除Zoom疲勞，蕾哈娜推出Fenty Skin，男性化妝終于要成為主流？

1. Business developer Josh Blaylock decided that his face needed a little lift after his Zoom calls increased exponentially. His virtual meetings had ballooned from two to six to eight hours a day during lockdown. Zoom fatigue is real and I realized I needed a little help to stay fresh faced and Zoom ready for my meetings, he says. So he decided that he needed to use aconcealer under his eyes. He is not alone. Zoom has radically changed mens perceptions of our faces, what is acceptable as camera ready and what real-life filter we want to have.

業(yè)務開發(fā)人員喬什布萊洛克(Josh Blaylock)覺得，在自己每天的Zoom會議不斷增多的情況下，他的臉需要稍微修飾一下，以使自己看起來更有神采。在疫情期間，他的視頻會議時間從每天兩小時增加到6小時，后來甚至到了8小時。他說，Zoom疲勞癥是真實存在的，我意識到我需要一些東西來保持精神滿滿，讓我自己看起來準備就緒的。因此，他覺得他需要用一下眼部遮瑕。他并不是唯一一個這樣的男性。Zoom已經(jīng)從根本上改變了男性對臉的認知，改變了他們對適合拍照的看法，也改變了他們對現(xiàn)實生活濾鏡的看法。

2. I think that people are more self-conscious of their faces now, says TJ Tallie, professor of African History at the University of San Diego and a fashion blogger. The monotony of Zoom screen interactions begs for a bit of breaking up of the daily view. Tallie is on Zoom calls for 30 hours a week with students and staff and, like Blaylock, uses under-eye concealer. It made me use it more selectively for natural things, he says.

圣地亞哥大學非洲史教授、時尚博客作者TJ Tallie說：我認為人們現(xiàn)在更關注自己的臉了。Zoom會議上單調(diào)的屏幕互動使得人們想要和自的日常生活看起來有所不同。Tallie每周需要和學生教職員工進行30個小時的Zoom會議通話，和布萊洛克一樣，他也使用眼底遮瑕。我有選擇性地使用眼部遮瑕，以使自己看起來更加自然一些。

3. Internet searches for male makeup looks increased around 80% in April compared to 2019, while there were increases for searches such as covering redness, hiding acne and hidingbags under eyes, according to data from the market analytics firm Moz.

根據(jù)市場分析公司Moz的數(shù)據(jù)，與2019年相比，4月份男性化妝在網(wǎng)上的搜索量增加了約80%，而遮蓋發(fā)紅的皮膚、遮蓋粉刺和眼袋等的搜索量也有所增加。

4. During lockdown we certainly saw an uplift in [the mens makeup brand] Warpaint, says Joe Coggrave, a beauty buyer at John Lewis. In particular, the brands foundation and anti-shine powder proved popular with those wanting to look camera-ready for Zoom meetings.

約翰路易斯(John Lewis)的一位美容采購員喬科格格雷夫(Joe Coggrave)稱：在疫情封鎖期間，男士男士化妝品牌WarPaint的銷量有所增加。Warpaint的粉底和防曬產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品廣受那些在ZOOM會議上看起來準備就緒的人群中廣受歡迎。

5. A poll by Morning Consul, meanwhile, found that a third of male under 45s in the US said they would consider wearing makeup.

與此同時， Morning Consul的一項民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，在美國45歲以下的男性中，有三分之一的人表示他們會考慮化妝。

6. This Zoom effect has had a knock-on economic one, too. Mens grooming has seenincredible growth during this stay-at-home period, says Maly Bernstein, VP of beauty and personal care at CVS. The Boots of the US has added a mens makeup line, Stryx, to 2000 of its stores.

這種Zoom效應也對經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應。CVS的副總裁馬利伯恩斯坦(Maly Bernstein)主要負責美容和個人護理板塊的業(yè)務，他表示：在疫情封鎖期間，男性美容迅速增長。博姿美國甚至在其2000家門店中增加了男士化妝系列Stryx。

7. At the weekend, Rihanna said her Fenty Skin range, which launches tomorrow, was not just for women. Thats right babyshe wrote under a picture of herself with A$AP Rocky, @Fentyskin is for my fellas too! No matter who you are, you deserve to have great skin! It came after a short ad for the products that featured Rocky and Lil Nas X alongside models Paloma Elsesser and Halima Aden. It ends with the tagline: The new culture of skincare.

上周末，蕾哈娜(Rihanna)表示，她的Fty Skin系列將于明天推出，并不只針對女性。她在一張自己和A$AP Rocky 的合照下寫道，是的，寶貝Fentyskin也是給我的兄弟們的！不管是誰，都應該有很好的皮膚。在此之前，該公司發(fā)布了一則由洛奇和Lil Nas X以及模特Paloma Elsesser和Halima Aden出鏡的廣告，這支廣告的結束語是：護膚新文化。

8. This new culture is one created by K-pop bands like BTS (who wear full faces of makeup onstage) and male beauty influencers such as Jeffree Star and James Charles who have made mens makeup Instagram OK.

這種新文化是由BTS(在舞臺上化妝)等韓國流行樂隊以及杰弗里明星(Jeffree Star)和詹姆斯查爾斯(James Charles)等男性美容達人人創(chuàng)造的，他們使得男性化妝在ins上被人們所接受。

9. But mens relationship to makeup has been knotty. As an external expression of masculinity it has expressed itself in different ways.

男性與化妝品的關聯(lián)一直復雜。作為男性氣概的一種外在表現(xiàn)，化妝品在男性身上有不同的表現(xiàn)方式。

10. The ancient Egyptians wore eyeliner, the Scottish Picts wore blue stripes on their faces in times of war, and the act of getting ready for the day, the so called toilette of 18th-century England, saw men put fine lead on their faces to look pale and have a smooth complexion.

古埃及人畫有眼線，蘇格蘭人在戰(zhàn)爭中會給自己的臉上畫上藍色條紋，而18世紀的英格蘭人所謂的打扮，就是為新的一天做準備，男性會在自己的臉上細粉，讓自己的臉給白，更光滑。

11. Much later, Little Richard wore pancake makeup and drew on his pencil moustache; then, under the guidance of Pierre LaRoche, David Bowie transformed from Ziggy Stardust to Aladdin Sane with a lightning stripe down his face. Roxy Musics Brian Eno wore multi-coloredeyeshadow in the form of Mary Quants crayons and Prince added blusher and eyeliner to his 80s look. The comedians Russell Brand and Noel Fielding took eyeliner into themetrosexual era of the late 90s and early 00s.

后來，利特爾理查德用起了粉餅，還給自己化了兩撇胡子。之后，皮埃爾拉羅什的影響下，大衛(wèi)鮑伊從齊格星塵變成了阿拉丁薩恩，臉上化了一道閃電紋。Roxy Music的布萊恩伊諾(Brian Eno)用瑪麗昆特(Mary Quant)的蠟筆涂了五顏六色的眼影，普林斯在他80多歲的時候涂了腮紅和眼線。喜劇演員拉塞爾布蘭德(Russell Brand)和諾埃爾菲爾丁(Noel Fiding)將眼線帶入了90年代末和00年代初的都市美男時代。

12. But whereas then makeup was used for semaphoring sexual ambiguity, now it is about appearing more presentable in the digital era. We now live in a very visual, Instagram-ready, society, says Blaylock. Men more than ever have embraced fashion and skincare. With the rise of online dating, and selfies, men and their girlfriends/wives understand its not about them putting on a full face of makeup; its about fixing up under-eye bags and covering up those problem areas like acne and razor burn.

但是，那時候的化妝是為了模糊性別，而如今男性化妝則是為了在這個數(shù)字時代顯得更加體面。布雷洛克說，我們現(xiàn)在是在一個視覺的，ins就緒的時代。男性比以往任何時候更熱衷于時尚和護膚。隨著線上約會，自拍的興起，人們漸漸明白，這并不是要他們化妝，而是為了讓他們遮蓋眼袋，粉刺和剃須刀灼傷。

13. Politicians have been using it for years. In 2017, it was revealed that Emmanuel Macron spent 26,000 on makeup over a three-month period, while a Washington Post article aboutundocumented workers suggested that Donald Trump used a cheap and cheerful shade of concealer on this face (Nutmeg WPF06 Waterproof foundation). In a paragraph that detailed his specific habits and requirements, the article said: The same rule applied to the Bronx Colors-brand face makeup from Switzerland that Trump slathered on, even if it meant the housekeepers had to regularly bring new shirts from the pro-shop because of the rust-coloured stains on the collars. (The official word on the shade of his skin was good genes, according to the New York Times.)

一直以來，政客們都在化妝。2017年，馬克龍被曝三個月的化妝費用為26000歐元，而《華盛頓郵報》一篇關于非法移民的文章中稱，特朗普使用了一種廉價但是有用的遮瑕。文章寫道：同樣的規(guī)則也適用于瑞士化妝品牌Bronx Colors，特朗普一直在使用這個品牌，這意味著特朗普的后勤人員得定期從專賣店拿些新襯衫來，因為他的衣領上總是會沾上一些銹色的污漬。（《紐約時報》稱，特朗普皮膚上的斑點是因為他的好基因）

14. Hes never admitted that he wears makeup every day, says Cheryl Wischhover, who wrote about his beauty secrets for Vox, but he has a long history of TV appearances and on The Apprentice, so hes probably very comfortable with the concept, she says. If he does wear makeup, I think that TV application techniques and products [which are applied with a heavier hand than so-called everyday makeup] has skewered his perception of how to use it. I ask Wischhover why she thinks Trump chose such a bright-orange shade. She replies: This is truly the question everyone wants answers to, and I sadly dont have one.

謝麗爾威施霍弗(Cheryl Wischhover)在Vox上寫了一篇關于特朗普美容秘訣的文章，并稱特朗普從不承認自己每天化妝，但是，他之前經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在電視節(jié)目中，還參加了《飛黃騰達》的錄制，因此，他可能早就接受化妝了。如果他真的化妝了，那我覺得電視改變了他的化妝的看法。我問威施霍弗，為什么特朗普會選擇這種亮橙色色調(diào)，她答道：這確實是每個人都想問的問題，但是很抱歉，我也不知道。

15. Trumps denial of his beauty routine is in keeping with a tough, macho image. It is in contrast to the approach of Generation Z, whose view of makeup is one of expression rather than gender definition. Taillewho has been using makeup since 2014 since he came outsays he uses it to question masculine stereotypes. As a male professor, theres something slightly transgressive about wearing it, he says. I can challenge stereotypes subtly [and] expectations for masculinity.

特朗普一直堅持以強硬的男子漢形象示人，因此他否認自己化了妝，而這和Z世代的人們的觀點是不一致的，Z世代的人們認為，化妝是一種表達，而不是定義性別。從2014年出道開始就一直堅持化妝的Tallie稱，他化妝是為了打破人們的性別刻板印象。他說，作為一名男性教授，化妝有點逾矩，我希望可以稍微的挑戰(zhàn)一下人們的刻板印象，改變?nèi)藗儗δ行詺赓|的看法。

16. Todays launch of Rihannas Fenty Skin is already a success (pre-launch, the products were on resale sites at massively inflated prices), but could it also be the moment mens makeup goes truly mainstream? Jill Manoff, editor in chief of the beauty site Glossy, thinks so. With Fenty Skin, Rihanna is catering to a [demographic] that has been comparatively ignored by the industry, true to form, she says. [Shes] kept it simple with three products that dontoverwhelm the everyday guy, agrees Blaylock. On top of that, the products are incredibly affordable.

蕾哈娜(Rihanna)的Fenty Skin今天的發(fā)布會已經(jīng)取得了成功(發(fā)布之前，這些產(chǎn)品在轉售網(wǎng)站上的價格都大幅上漲)，但這是否意味著男士化妝成為主流？美容網(wǎng)站Glossy的主編吉爾曼諾夫(Jill Manoff)認為是的。她說：蕾哈娜推出Fenty Skin，一如既往地抓住了美妝行業(yè)相對忽視的群體。(她)用三款簡單的產(chǎn)品成功吸引了人們。布雷洛克贊同曼諾夫的觀點，最重要的是，這些產(chǎn)品價格實惠得令人難以置信。

精讀解析

篇章結構

P1P5：疫情封鎖期間，由于大量使用Zoom，男士化妝增加。

P6P8：Zoom效應產(chǎn)生的連鎖反應：男性化妝增長，新的男性化妝品推出。

P9P15：男性化妝的變化：以前也有男性化妝，但是為了特定場合；后來的男性化妝是為了在電視上好看；再后來，是為了個性表達。

P16：蕾哈娜fenty skin的成功表明男性化妝已經(jīng)成為主流。

重點單詞

exponential /?eksp?nen?(?)l/ n. 指數(shù),倡導者,演奏者,例子,指數(shù)adj. 指數(shù)的,冪數(shù)的

【例句】

As it does, the objections to them will rise exponentially.

而隨之反對意見也會呈指數(shù)增長。

balloon/b?lu?n/ vi. 激增；膨脹如氣球n. 氣球

【例句】

I ate out of boredom and I just ballooned up .

我無聊就吃東西，結果體重猛增。

concealer n. 遮瑕膏/遮瑕霜

【同根】

concealable 可隱藏的

concealment n. 隱藏，隱蔽；隱匿處

conceal vt. 隱藏；隱瞞

【例句】

Its really important that your concealer makeup completely matches your foundation to avoid panda eyes.

用遮瑕妝和眼部化妝來避免熊貓眼真的很重要。

filter /f?lt?/ n. 過濾, 過濾器vt.vi. 透過, 過濾vi. (消息等)走漏

【短語】

filter out 過濾掉；不予注意；泄露

【例句】

This metal net filters out the dirt.

這個金屬網(wǎng)濾掉污物。

self-conscious/selfk?n??s/ adj. 不自然的,忸怩的,害羞的；有自我意識的,自覺的

【例句】

Coherent with his metaphysics is his idea at survival clearance, which deepens self consciousness in both atomology and monadism from the angle at survival philosophy.

與雅斯貝斯的形而上學思想相配合的，是他關于生存澄明的觀念，這種觀念從生存哲學角度出發(fā)深化了原子論與單子論蘊涵的自我意識觀念。

monotony/m?n?t(?)n?/ n. 單調(diào)；千篇一律

【例句】

The monotony of his voice sent me to sleep.

他那單調(diào)的聲音使我昏昏欲睡。

under-eye concealer眼部遮瑕

acne/kn?/ n. 痤瘡，粉刺

【例句】

He had terrible acne when he was younger.

他年輕時長粉刺很厲害。

bags under eyes眼袋; 下臉墜肉;

【例句】

His visor had been removed from his helm, to better show his dour face; pouchy bags under his eyes, a wide sour mouth, rusty hair spotted with grey.

他的頭盔除去了面罩，顯露出冷峻的臉；兩個大眼袋，一張寬闊而乖戾的嘴，鐵銹般的頭發(fā)里夾雜著幾許灰白。

John Lewis (約翰路易斯)是指英國倫敦最大的百貨商店，成立于1864年，位于英國倫敦牛津街。

uplift /?pl?ft/ vt. 提高；抬起n. 舉起，抬起；道德的向上；精神的高漲

【例句】

His encouragement gave me a hot sense of uplift.

他的鼓勵激發(fā)了我的上進心。

foundation/fa?nde??(?)n/ n. 建立, 設立, 創(chuàng)辦；基礎, 基本原理, 根據(jù)；（這里專指粉底）

【例句】

Drier skin is common as you age, so you may be happier with a liquid or cream foundation, or even a tinted moisturizer, instead of a powder foundation which can make your skin look flaky.

年齡越大，皮膚越干，因此最好選擇粉底液或粉底霜，或甚至是有色的潤膚霜，而不是粉餅，它會造成花花斑斑的效果。

anti-shine powder控油定妝粉

Boots博姿是一個超過150年歷史的英國美容及護膚品牌，在英國擁有超過1400多間門市。Boots憑借其悠久的歷史、超卓的信譽及優(yōu)質廉價的產(chǎn)品，在英國本土一直深受大眾、名人紅星，甚至皇室貴族的愛戴。博姿一直與時并進，由最迎合時尚潮流的化妝系列，到具革命性功效的護膚、沐浴及秀發(fā)產(chǎn)品都一應俱全，而且堅持用料天然，并經(jīng)過非動物的皮膚測試，全部過敏性低，品質優(yōu)良，支持者與日俱增。

groom /gru?m/ vt. 推薦；喂馬；整飾n. 馬夫；新郎；男仆【例句】For most of recent grooming history, having a totally baldpate was most likely for tough-looking guys.在大半的近代美容史上，大光頭經(jīng)常是硬漢型男人，而不是會計部門的「某某」造型。

VP =Vice President 副總裁

CVS是一家美國藥妝零售商，旗下研發(fā)了自有品牌Promise Organic Baby ，主打有機健康，Promest Organic Baby系列主要包含4款產(chǎn)品，以椰子油為基礎進行制作，不含有任何人工化學制劑，產(chǎn)品均通過了第三方測評機構NSF、ANSI的認證。

knock-on /n?k?n/ n. 用手(或臂)向前擊球(一種犯規(guī)動作) adj.使產(chǎn)生連鎖反應的【例句】The increase in the price of oil had a knock-on effect on the cost of many other goods.石油價格上漲對其他許多商品的價格引起了連鎖反應。

incredible/?nkred?b(?)l/ adj. 不能相信的, 不可信的；難以置信的, 不可思議的, 驚人的【例句】Old superstitions seem incredible to educated people.舊的迷信對于受過教育的人來說是不可思議的。

tagline n. 品牌口號；標語

【例句】

The Mail is more measured, with the tagline Britain braces for no-deal disruption.

《郵報》則更為謹慎，標題寫著英國做好準備，不會出現(xiàn)無協(xié)議的混亂局面。

skincare/skin,k??/ adj. 護理皮膚的n. （用化妝品）護膚，皮膚護理

【例句】

Speedo announced the termination of its contract with him Monday, Ralph Lauren and a skin-care company followed.

知名游泳裝備品牌速比濤于周一宣布結束與羅切特的廣告代言合同，時裝品牌拉爾夫和一家皮膚保養(yǎng)公司緊隨其后。

knotty/n?t?/ adj. 多節(jié)的；有結的；棘手的，難解決的

【短語】

knotty problem 難解決的問題

【例句】

Even the professor couldnt clarify the knotty point.

甚至教授也無法解決這個棘手問題。

masculinity /?mskj??l?n?ti:/ n. 男性；男子氣

【例句】

As a man having a hairless body is about beauty but not masculinity.

作為一個男人，無體毛的身體意味著美麗，但是不意味著有男子氣概。

eyeliner/?ailain?/ n. 眼線膏，眼線筆

【例句】

Eyeliners can be a bit tricky, I know.

畫眼線很需要技巧。

toilette/twɑ:let/ n. 打扮，化妝；裝飾；禮服

【例句】

Not liking to show him that I had heard the conflict, I continued my toilette rather noisily, looking at my watch, and soliloquized on the length of the night

我不想讓他看出我已覺察出了他處在矛盾中，就繼續(xù)梳洗，發(fā)出很大的聲響，又看看我的表，自言自語地抱怨夜長。

Eyeshadow眼影

【例句】

Recently, my favorite look would be a pink eyeshadow and a red lip by Katie Jane Hughes.

我最近最喜歡的造型是凱蒂簡休斯的粉色眼影和紅唇。

crayon/krei?n/ n. 蠟筆，有色粉筆vt. 以蠟筆作畫，用顏色粉筆畫

【例句】

The mother sponged crayon marks off.

母親用濕海綿擦去了痕跡。

blusher /bl???/ n. 胭脂霜或粉(盒)

【例句】

Make-up favourites like eye shadow, blusher, fake tan and foundation can contain carcinogens.

愛化妝的人喜歡的眼影、腮紅、美黑產(chǎn)品和粉底都會含有致癌物質。

metrosexual 都會美型男；都市美型男

注：都會美型男（Metrosexual），亦稱都市美型男，按照英國記者馬克辛普森（Mark Simpson，以下稱作辛普森）所說是指：那些擁有強烈的美感觸覺并且會花大量的時間及金錢在他的外表及生活方式上任意性傾向的都市男性。21世紀初，這個詞也被廣泛的應用在報紙雜志等媒體上，泛指注重外表的都市男性。

semaphore/sem?f??/ n. 臂板信號系統(tǒng);(鐵道)臂板信號裝置vt.vi. 發(fā)出信號,打旗語

【例句】

Josh stands facing the rear and semaphoring the drivers intentions to frustrated queues of following cars.

喬希面向后方站立，用旗語向后面受阻的車流示意司機的意圖。

selfie/?selfi/ n. 自拍照

【例句】

He posed taking a selfie with Michelle Obama.

他與米歇爾用自拍的姿勢凹造型。

undocumented /?nd?kj?ment?d/ adj. 無正式文件的,無事實證明的

【例句】

They were suspected of being undocumented workers.

政府懷疑他們是未記錄在案的工人。

slathered/sl?/ n. 大量vt. 厚厚地涂；大量使用

【例句】

If your skin is dry, you have to slather on moisturizer to soften it.

如果你的皮膚干燥，就得多涂些潤膚霜讓它滋潤。

pro-shop專業(yè)店；專賣店

【例句】

Santa at a Bass Pro Shop outdoor-goods store in Denver, he blanched when a blond girl in a red plaid dress recently asked for a pair of eyeglasses so she could see the classroom board.

他是丹佛市的Bass Pro Shop室外用品店的圣誕老人，最近，一位穿著紅色格子呢外衣的金發(fā)小姑娘向他要一幅眼鏡，好讓她能看清教室里的黑板，這個要求著實讓他吃了一驚。

skewer/skju??/n. 烤肉叉子；串肉扦；針vt. 刺穿；串住

【例句】

So should companies, which can be skewered over an expanding gamut of gripes.

企業(yè)也應該這樣做，因為它們可以針對范圍不斷擴大的抱怨進行抨擊。

macho/mt???/ adj. 大男子氣概的

【例句】

Bourdain managed to be masculine without being swaggeringly macho.

波登做到了既很有男子氣概又不過于大男子主義。

stereotype/ster??(?)ta?p/ n. 老套, 模式化的見解, 有老一套固定想法的人vt. 把模式化, 使成陳規(guī)

【短語】

sex stereotype 性別刻板印象

stereotyped image 刻板印象

【例句】

I hate to buy into stereotypes.

我厭惡墨守成規(guī)。

transgressive /trnsɡr?s?v/易犯罪的,有犯罪傾向的;易違犯的

【例句】

Todays referees lack such deterrentsand professional sportsmen can transgress in a way that their classical predecessors could scarcely have imagined.

今天的裁判就沒有這樣的威懾力了，而職業(yè)運動員則能夠采用先輩們幾乎無法想象的方式來違法亂紀。

resale/ri?se?l/ n. 轉售；零售；再販賣

【例句】

Although the clothes resale business is still small, it is quickly growing.

雖然服裝轉賣業(yè)務量仍然很小，但其增速迅猛。inflate

cater to 迎合；為服務

【例句】

Puers farmers are catering to the demand.

普洱市的農(nóng)民也開始迎合大家的這種需求。

demographic /?dem??grf?k/ adj. 人口統(tǒng)計學的

【例句】

The demographics of the Southwest indicate a growing population of older consumers.