雅思考試閱讀機經(jīng)真題及解析ThomasYoung

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Thomas Young

The Last True Know-It-All

A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the EncyclopediaBritannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists andclassicists) and substantial essays on Bridge, Chromatics, Egypt,Languages and Tides. Was someone who could write authoritatively about somany subjects a polymath, a genius or a dilettante? In an ambitious newbiography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaphthe last man who knew everything. Young has competition, however: The phrase,which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two otherrecent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy(1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2004 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680),another polymath.

B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presentedhis first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was electeda Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Young explained theprocess of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly onobjects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved bychanges in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled inwaves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see in color, theremust be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three principal colorsto which the retina could respond: red, green, violet. All these hypothesis weresubsequently proved to be correct.

C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumental incracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, atablet that was found in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stonecontains text in three alphabets: Greek, something unrecognizable and Egyptianhieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, as Youngdeduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appearedin his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the termIndo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most ofEurope and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who wasa child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear intooblivion as an adult.

D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an early age withhis maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boarding school. Hehaddevoured books from the age of two, and through his own initiative heexcelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy. After leavingschool, he was greatly encouraged by his mother's uncle, Richard Brocklesby, aphysician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby's lead, Youngdecided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London, following themedical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh,Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the Universityof Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soonbecame a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later wasappointed physician at St. George's Hospital.

E Young's skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as ascholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had beenappointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution,where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in twovolumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, a posthe would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and nationalmatters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of shipconstruction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac andsecretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to andinspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica,and throughout his career he authored numerous books, essays and papers.

F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daunting. Fewmen contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson's aim is tointroduce non-scientists to Young's work and life. He succeeds, providing clearexpositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptianhieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson, find Young'saccomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as adilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers willnot end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young,doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures andtranslating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of asummerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society,attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, hewas an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life looks pale next to hisvibrant career and studies.

G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson, theirmarriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work. Almost all we know abouther is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes aboutoptics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to takeoff. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young'srelationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them, oranyone else, with shaping Young's extraordinary mind. Despite the lack ofdetails concerning Young's relationships, however, anyone interested in what itmeans to be a genius should read this book.

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in ReadingPassage 1?

In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

1 The last man who knew everything has also been claimed to otherpeople.

2 All Youngs articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.

3 Like others, Young wasn't so brilliant when grew up.

4 Young's talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.

5 Young's advice was sought by people responsible for local and nationalissues.

6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.

7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.

Questions 8-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for eachanswer.

8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica?

9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academicpaper?

10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages?

11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies?

12 Where did Young get a teaching position?

13 What contribution did Young make to London?

文章題目：

Thomas YoungThe Last True Know-it All

托馬斯楊最后一個無所不知的人

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

試題分析

Question 1-7

題目類型：True / false /not given

題目類型：Short-answer question

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