詞匯和語(yǔ)法對(duì)雅思寫作高分有多重要
2024-08-02 18:43:26 來(lái)源:中國(guó)教育在線
隨著全球化的加速和教育的多樣化,越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生選擇留學(xué),而在申請(qǐng)國(guó)外大學(xué)時(shí),語(yǔ)言考試是繞不開的一環(huán),本文和大家說一說:詞匯和語(yǔ)法對(duì)雅思寫作高分有多重要,一起往下來(lái)看看吧。
雅思寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詞匯lexical resource
官方給出的7分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):
*uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision
* uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation
* may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and /or word formation
官方給出的6分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):
*uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task
*attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy
*makes some errors in spelling and /or word formation, but they do not impede communication
同六分詞匯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比,7 分多了兩個(gè)要求: flexibility (靈活性) and precision (準(zhǔn)確性)。靈活性暗示我們?cè)谧魑闹幸O(shè)置同意替換詞[1] 。比如,第一段寫了developing countries, 第二段就可以用these nations, 第三段可以用poor regions
準(zhǔn)確性 指在該題目下貼切的,核心的詞匯[2] 。比如政府話題寫出welffare 福利一詞,環(huán)保話題寫出environmental-friendly 一詞。
7分和6分同時(shí)要求:要有l(wèi)ess common lexical items, 不普通的,含義較深刻的詞匯。比如undermine ( v. 逐漸破壞)代替damage; 用dilemma 代替problem。用的好不好,地道不地道,是否注意到了style( 文體) 和 collocation (搭配)決定了是6還是7.
所以在寫作中,詞匯在準(zhǔn)確使用的基礎(chǔ)上,我們一定要注意設(shè)置同意替換詞。在練習(xí)時(shí)我們就要不斷積累同意替換詞,在經(jīng)常使用的單詞上多想想,還可以替換什么樣的詞和表達(dá)方式。
雅思寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)法grammar range and accuracy
7分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):使用多種多樣的復(fù)合句
*use a variety of complex structures
*produces frequent error-free sentences
*has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors.
(那么什么算是a variety of 呢?3種以上才稱得上 a variety of,所以寫作中要寫出4種以上不同的從句。劍橋書后的考官范文,平均每篇12 句話,2句話是簡(jiǎn)單句,2句話是并列句,其余8句都是各種從句)
6分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句的混合使用
*uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms
*makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication
英文句式:簡(jiǎn)單句,并列句,限制性定語(yǔ)從句=分詞做定語(yǔ),非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句), 狀語(yǔ)從句=分詞做狀語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)句,倒裝句,插入語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu), 雙重否定表肯定結(jié)構(gòu)
在寫作中,我們要熟練,正確,恰當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)用多種句式與結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)然除了句式我們還有時(shí)態(tài),準(zhǔn)確恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)在簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句中。
我們從一些例句中,學(xué)習(xí)一下語(yǔ)法句式可以如何轉(zhuǎn)換。
With the rapid development of economy, the environment[3] has been deteriorated[4] . (主+謂的簡(jiǎn)單句)
= As the economy develops rapidly, the environment has been deteriorated. (as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
Experts [5] suggest the government to take down the old buildings in the urban center in order to improve the city image. (主+謂+ 賓+賓補(bǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句)
= Experts suggest that the government should tear down urban old buildings in order to enhance the image of this city. (that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)
The money which was spent on wild animals protection [6] should have been used to improve human lives . (定語(yǔ)從句)
=The money spent on wild animal protection should have been used to improve human lives. (過去分詞做定語(yǔ))
Spring came on, and the trees turned green. (并列句)
= when spring came on, the trees turned green.( 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
=Spring coming on, the trees turned green. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))
Topics of punishment of criminals always arouse peoples attention. (簡(jiǎn)單句)
=Topics of the punishment of criminals never fail to arouse peoples attention.
(雙重否表肯定)
= Never do topics of the punishment of criminals fail to arouse peoples attention. (倒裝句)
通過這些例句,學(xué)生應(yīng)該可以看到從簡(jiǎn)單句到復(fù)合句式的轉(zhuǎn)換,句式的多樣性,是保證一篇作文取得高分的硬性要求,也是一個(gè)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言高水平的體現(xiàn)。
上面就是詞匯和語(yǔ)法部分的雅思寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),希望可以給大家備考雅思寫作帶來(lái)幫助。
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