雅思閱讀霍金對(duì)人工智能持有的觀點(diǎn)

雅思閱讀霍金對(duì)人工智能持有的觀點(diǎn)，很多同學(xué)對(duì)于這個(gè)問題有疑問和不解，那么下面就跟著中國(guó)教育在線的小編詳細(xì)了解一下吧。

雅思閱讀之霍金對(duì)人工智能持有的觀點(diǎn)

He told the BBC:The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.

His warning came in response to a question about a revamp of the technology he uses to communicate, which involves a basic form of AI.

The theoretical physicist, who has the motor neurone disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is using a new system developed by Intel to speak.

斯蒂芬霍金教授，英國(guó)杰出科學(xué)家之一，曾說道，人類致力于創(chuàng)造可以思考的機(jī)器，而這可能會(huì)對(duì)我們的存在造成極大的威脅。

他告訴BBC：人工智能的完全發(fā)展可能會(huì)終結(jié)人類。

他所使用的交流技術(shù)需要更新?lián)Q代，而這一技術(shù)又恰好是AI的一種基本形式，于是有人提出相關(guān)疑問，霍金此番警告是對(duì)此作出的回應(yīng)。

霍金，這位患有運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元疾病肌萎縮性脊髓側(cè)索硬化癥的理論物理學(xué)家，正在使用一種因特爾發(fā)明的新系統(tǒng)來與人對(duì)話。

Machine learning experts from the British company Swiftkey were also involved in its creation. Their technology, already employed as a smartphone keyboard app, learns how the professor thinks and suggests the words he might want to use next.

Prof Hawking says the primitive forms of artificial intelligence developed so far have already proved very useful, but he fears the consequences of creating something that can match or surpass humans.

英國(guó)公司Swiftkey的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)專家們也參與到了這項(xiàng)科技的研發(fā)中。他們的技術(shù)能夠?qū)W習(xí)霍金的思維方式并對(duì)他下句話可能會(huì)用到的詞語給出建議，它已經(jīng)作為一個(gè)手機(jī)鍵盤APP發(fā)布使用了。

霍金教授說，目前為止開發(fā)出來的人工智能原始形態(tài)已被證實(shí)其有用性，但是他擔(dān)心，創(chuàng)造這種可以配合甚至超越人類的事物，其結(jié)果可能會(huì)令人憂心。

Stanley Kubrick's film 2001 and its murderous computer HAL encapsulate many people's fears of how AI could pose a threat to human life.

It would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever increasing rate, he said.

Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn't compete, and would be superseded.

But others are less pessimistic.

I believe we will remain in charge of the technology for a decently long time and the potential of it to solve many of the world problems will be realised, said Rollo Carpenter, creator of Cleverbot.

Cleverbot's software learns from its past conversations, and has gained high scores in the Turing test, fooling a high proportion of people into believing they are talking to a human.

Cleverbot is software that is designed to chat like a human would.

圖為2001年上映的斯坦利庫布里執(zhí)導(dǎo)電影中出現(xiàn)的殺人計(jì)算機(jī)HAL，它的形象讓許多人對(duì)AI的威脅感到恐懼。

他說：它會(huì)自己脫離軌道，然后以越來越快的速度重新設(shè)計(jì)自己。

人類受限于緩慢的生物進(jìn)化，是無法與之匹敵的，于是最后就會(huì)被它取代。

但其它人則沒有這么悲觀。

Cleverbot機(jī)器人的發(fā)明者婁羅卡朋特說道：我相信，我們?nèi)詫㈤L(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持對(duì)科技的統(tǒng)治地位，而它解決諸多世界問題的潛力也將得到釋放。

Cleverbot的軟件從它過往的交流中進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，并在圖靈測(cè)試中取得了高分，讓許多人都相信它是人類。

Cleverbot被專門設(shè)計(jì)得可以像人類那樣對(duì)話。

Rise of the robots

Mr Carpenter says we are a long way from having the computing power or developing the algorithms needed to achieve full artificial intelligence, but believes it will come in the next few decades.

We cannot quite know what will happen if a machine exceeds our own intelligence, so we can't know if we'll be infinitely helped by it, or ignored by it and sidelined, or conceivably destroyed by it, he says.

But he is betting that AI is going to be a positive force.

Prof Hawking is not alone in fearing for the future.

In the short term, there are concerns that clever machines capable of undertaking tasks done by humans until now will swiftly destroy millions of jobs.

Elon Musk, chief executive of rocket-maker Space X, also fears artificial intelligence.

In the longer term, the technology entrepreneur Elon Musk has warned that AI is our biggest existential threat.

機(jī)器人的崛起

卡朋特先生說，距離我們真正具備這樣的計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)力或者說發(fā)展出可以實(shí)現(xiàn)完全人工智能化的算法，還有很長(zhǎng)一段路要走，但是，他相信，這樣的愿景在未來幾十年中將得到實(shí)現(xiàn)。

他說：我們無法明確地知道，如果機(jī)器智商超越人類會(huì)怎么樣，所以我們也無法知道，自己是會(huì)受到它無限制的幫助，還是遭它無視冷落，抑或是完全被它毀滅。

但是，他打賭，AI將會(huì)成為一項(xiàng)積極的推動(dòng)力。

擔(dān)心未來的并不只是霍金教授一人。

就目前來說，很多人擔(dān)心，聰明過人的機(jī)器有能力去完成人類的任務(wù)，而它們也會(huì)很快地消滅掉成千上萬的職業(yè)。

火箭制造商Space X的董事長(zhǎng)艾倫馬斯克也對(duì)人工智能抱有畏懼之心。

從長(zhǎng)期來看，科技巨頭艾倫馬斯克也曾警告道人工智能是人類存在的最大威脅。

Robotic voice

In his BBC interview, Prof Hawking also talks of the benefits and dangers of the internet.

He quotes the director of GCHQ's warning about the net becoming the command centre for terrorists: More must be done by the internet companies to counter the threat, but the difficulty is to do this without sacrificing freedom and privacy.

He has, however, been an enthusiastic early adopter of all kinds of communication technologies and is looking forward to being able to write much faster with his new system.

Prof Hawking is using new software to speak, but has opted to keep the same voice.

But one aspect of his own tech - his computer generated voice - has not changed in the latest update.

Prof Hawking concedes that it's slightly robotic, but insists he didn't want a more natural voice.

It has become my trademark, and I wouldn't change it for a more natural voice with a British accent, he said.

I'm told that children who need a computer voice, want one like mine.

機(jī)器人的聲音

在他與BBC進(jìn)行的訪談中，霍金教授也談到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利弊。

他引用了英國(guó)政府通信總部主管對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)將成為恐怖分子指揮中心的警告：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司應(yīng)該采取更多舉動(dòng)來反擊這樣的威脅，但困難在于，如何在不犧牲自由和隱私的情況下做到這一點(diǎn)。

不過，他一直以來都是各種交流技術(shù)的積極嘗鮮者，也很期待在新系統(tǒng)的協(xié)助下能夠更快地打字。

霍金教授正在使用新軟件進(jìn)行對(duì)話，但依然選擇了同樣的聲音。

但是他自己所用技術(shù)的一部分他那電腦生成的聲音在最新一次升級(jí)中并沒有變化。

霍金教授承認(rèn)道，它的確稍微有些機(jī)器人化，但他堅(jiān)持不使用自然點(diǎn)的聲音。

他說：這已經(jīng)成了我的商標(biāo)，我不會(huì)把它改成一個(gè)有著英國(guó)口音的自然聲音的。

我聽說，像我一樣需要計(jì)算機(jī)來替代發(fā)聲的孩子們都想要和我一樣的聲音。

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