雅思寫(xiě)作應(yīng)避免的錯(cuò)誤
2024-08-04 14:28:07 來(lái)源:中國(guó)教育在線(xiàn)
雅思寫(xiě)作應(yīng)避免的錯(cuò)誤,很多同學(xué)對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題有疑問(wèn)和不解,那么下面就跟著中國(guó)教育在線(xiàn)的小編詳細(xì)了解一下吧。
一。 不一致(disagreements)
例1。 when one have money ,he can do what he want to .
(人一旦有了錢(qián),他就能想干什么就干什么。)
剖析:one是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng),因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has ;同理,want應(yīng)改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致。
改為: once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
二。 修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位(misplaced modifiers)
英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同,同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化。對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國(guó)學(xué)生往往沒(méi)有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解。例1。 i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析:better位置不當(dāng),應(yīng)置于句末。
三。 句子不完整(sentence fragments)
在口語(yǔ)中,交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解??墒菚?shū)面語(yǔ)就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫(xiě)完以后,筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)發(fā)生。
例1。 there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析:本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .不是一個(gè)完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ),不能獨(dú)立成句。
改為:there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper.
四。 懸垂修飾語(yǔ)(dangling modifiers)
所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。例如:at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中"at the age of ten"只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí),但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明 誰(shuí)十歲時(shí)。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語(yǔ)改明確一點(diǎn),全句就不那么費(fèi)解了。
改為:when i was ten, my grandfather died.
例1。 to do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析:句中不定式短語(yǔ) to do well in college 的邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚。
改為:to do well in college, a student needs good grades.
五。 詞性誤用(misuse of parts of speech)
詞性誤用常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等。
例1。 none can negative the importance of money.
剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動(dòng)詞。
改為:none can deny the importance of money.
六。 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句:
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩#?/p>
讀完上面這一句話(huà),讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚,誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為:
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
剖析:句中人稱(chēng)代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改為:we can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七。 不間斷句子(run-on sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?請(qǐng)看下面的例句。
例1。 there are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析:這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思:there are many ways. 以及we get to know the outside world.。簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
改為:there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world
八。 措詞毛?。╰roubles in diction)
diction 是指在特定的句子中怎樣適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題,囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫,教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限,影響了學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲,斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來(lái)就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。
例1。 the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)
剖析:顯然,考生把obstacles障礙,障礙物誤作substance物質(zhì)了。另外the increasing use (不斷增加的使用) 應(yīng)改為abusive use (濫用)。
改為:the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
九。 累贅(redundancy)
言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。寫(xiě)句子沒(méi)有一個(gè)多余的詞;寫(xiě)段落沒(méi)有一個(gè)無(wú)必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如:in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him.
本句的the fact that he is lazy系同謂語(yǔ)從句,我們按照上述能用詞組的不用從句可以改為:in spite of his laziness, i like him.
例1。 for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析:整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化。
改為:diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
十。 不連貫(incoherence)
不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語(yǔ),或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1。 the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析:the fresh water 與逗號(hào)后的it 不連貫。it 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。
改為:fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
十一。 綜合性語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤(comprehensive misusage)
所謂綜合性語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,是指除了上述十種錯(cuò)誤以外,還有諸如時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),大小寫(xiě)等方面的錯(cuò)誤。
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