雅思閱讀素材蘋果連皮吃有助于減肥

雅思托?？荚囀侨蜃顝V泛使用的英語語言考試之一，被許多國家的大學(xué)、移民機構(gòu)、企業(yè)和政府部門用作衡量語言能力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？忌枰诼?、說、讀、寫四個方面進行測試，其中有不少同學(xué)想要了解：雅思閱讀素材：蘋果連皮吃有助于減肥，那么下面中國教育在線小編就來和大家分享一番。

（圖片轉(zhuǎn)自百度）

Eating unpeeled apples may keep extra pounds and obesity-related diseases at bay， a study in PLoS ONE suggests.

《美國公共科學(xué)圖書館-綜合》（PLoS ONE）雜志刊載的一項研究結(jié)果顯示，蘋果連皮吃能幫助減肥，使機體遠離肥胖相關(guān)的疾病。

Ursolic acid is a natural compound found in the waxy coats on apples and other fruits and herbs. Previous research showed that ursolic acid increased the activity of a protein that stimulated muscle growth and glucose metabolism in mice.

熊果酸是一種在蘋果及其他水果和草本植物的光滑表皮中發(fā)現(xiàn)的天然化合物。以往的研究表明，熊果酸能夠增加一種蛋白質(zhì)的活性，這種蛋白質(zhì)可以刺激小鼠的肌肉生長及葡萄糖代謝。

In this follow-up study， researchers in Iowa tested ursolic acid on mice with diet-induced obesity. For six weeks， one group of mice had unlimited access to a diet of high-fat food proven to cause obesity， glucose intolerance and fatty liver disease. Two other groups of mice had unlimited access to the same diet， but supplemented with either 0.14 grams or 0.27 grams of ursolic acid per 100 grams of food. For comparison， an apple contains 50 milligrams of ursolic acid， equivalent to about 6% of the lowest dose given to the mice.

在這次的跟進研究中，愛荷華州的研究人員對患有飲食引起的肥胖癥的小鼠進行了熊果酸測試。六周內(nèi)，其中一組小鼠可以無限食用一種高脂肪食物，這種食物會引起肥胖癥、葡萄糖不耐受和脂肪肝。其他兩組小鼠也可以無限食用這種食物，但每100克食物分別配有0.14克和0.27克的熊果酸。一個蘋果含50毫克的熊果酸，相當(dāng)于給小鼠最低劑量的約6%。

Ursolic-acid mice developed more skeletal muscle but gained less weight than nonsupplemented mice， even though food intake was higher in ursolic-acid mice. Supplemented mice had greater strength and exercise capacity， and higher resting energy expenditure. Ursolic acid triggered an increase in high-energy brown fat associated with reduced obesity， though it isn＇t known how， researchers said. The results were the same for both ursolic-acid doses.

補充熊果酸的小鼠骨骼肌生長較好，但增加的體重比未補充熊果酸的小鼠少，盡管前者的食物攝入量較高。補充熊果酸小鼠的力量和運動能力更強，休息時消耗的能量更多。研究人員說，熊果酸引起了與減少肥胖有關(guān)的高能量褐色脂肪的增加，但尚不清楚是如何引起的。兩種熊果酸劑量的結(jié)果相同。

Caveat： Humans and mice may have differing capacities for the absorption， distribution and excretion of ursolic acid， researchers said.

注意：研究人員說，人類和小鼠對熊果酸的吸收、分配和排泄能力可能有差異。

Vertigo and gender： Women develop vertigo slightly more often than men. But a study found that men with vertigo， a common balance disorder， suffer more anxiety and depression. The results contrast with earlier studies that reported psychiatric distress is higher in women with vertigo. Vertigo is a spinning sensation that can leave people feeling dizzy or nauseous. About 40% of Americans have at least one episode of vertigo in their lifetimes.

眩暈和性別：女性比男性更容易患眩暈癥。但一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，患眩暈癥的男性更容易焦慮和抑郁，這與以往女性眩暈癥患者精神壓力更大的研究結(jié)果相反。眩暈癥是一種常見的平衡失調(diào)癥，會讓人感覺頭暈或惡心。約40%的美國人在一生中至少都有一次眩暈癥發(fā)作。

The latest study， published in BMC Ear， Nose and Throat Disorders， assessed emotional response to vertigo in 202 patients treated at a Swiss clinic from 2007 to 2009. Subjects included 124 women and 78 men in their late 40s， of whom more than half had had vertigo symptoms for more than a year. Subjects rated their disability as mild， moderate or severe. Anxiety and depression were assessed on a hospital scale as possible， probable or abnormal. MRI brain scans， neurological assessments and other tests were administered.

這項最新研究刊登在《BMC耳鼻喉疾病》（BMC Ear， Nose and Throat Disorders）雜志上，研究對象為2007年至2009年在一家瑞士診所治療過的202位病人，研究人員對這些病人對眩暈癥的情緒反應(yīng)進行了評估。研究對象包括快50歲的124名女性和78名男性，其中半數(shù)以上已經(jīng)有一年多的眩暈癥癥狀。研究對象按照輕微、中等和嚴(yán)重評定眩暈癥對自己精神狀況的影響。焦慮和抑郁程度按照醫(yī)院標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分為可能、很有可能或反常。研究人員還對他們做了核磁共振腦部掃描、神經(jīng)檢測及其他檢查。

Severe disability was reported by 25% of the women compared with 19% of the men. But emotional distress was significantly higher in the men， possibly because dizziness over a long period is more disabling in men and a greater risk factor for anxiety and depression， researchers said. Of men who rated their disability as severe， 60% had abnormal anxiety and 67% had abnormal depression. That compared with 26% and 19% of women， respectively.

25%的女性表示自己有嚴(yán)重的精神障礙，男性的比例為19%。研究人員說，但男性的情緒壓力顯著高于女性，可能是由于長期眩暈對男性精神狀況的影響更大，并且更容易造成焦慮和抑郁。認(rèn)為自己精神障礙嚴(yán)重的男性中，60%有反常的焦慮情緒，67%有反常的抑郁情緒。女性的比例分別為26%和19%。

Caveat： The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression provides only limited information on mental disorders， researchers said. Other risk factors for mental disorders weren＇t assessed.

注意：研究人員說，用于評定焦慮和抑郁癥狀的醫(yī)院焦慮抑郁量表（Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale）只能為精神失常狀況提供有限的信息。其他容易造成精神失常的因素未得到評估。

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