雅思作文開(kāi)頭的重要性
2024-08-12 13:49:34 來(lái)源:中國(guó)教育在線
隨著留學(xué)市場(chǎng)的不斷發(fā)展,越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生選擇留學(xué)。如果你也是想要留學(xué)的學(xué)生之一,那么你就需要參加語(yǔ)言考試,其中雅思托福就是最為常見(jiàn)的英語(yǔ)考試,下面中國(guó)教育在線外語(yǔ)頻道小編就為大家介紹一下雅思作文開(kāi)頭的重要性。
UKER中英網(wǎng)點(diǎn)評(píng):作文的開(kāi)頭段,雖然不容易寫(xiě)得有創(chuàng)意,但其位置使得它在文章的評(píng)價(jià)上占有重要位置。句子結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞的深淺、表意清晰度都直接影響到讀者對(duì)整篇文章的期待和評(píng)價(jià),因此寫(xiě)作文,尤其是托福、雅思等的考試作文就更不能忽略開(kāi)頭段了。一、開(kāi)頭結(jié)構(gòu)三步走Background informationIssue under discussionPersonal idea (這也是我們常說(shuō)的thesis statement)Prediction (對(duì)文章總體內(nèi)容的預(yù)測(cè),不強(qiáng)求考生在考試時(shí)候?qū)?在這個(gè)必寫(xiě)的前三點(diǎn)中,很多學(xué)生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)背景信息無(wú)從下手,不知道怎么寫(xiě)。于是,有了模板,就將題目里面的話硬生生地套進(jìn)去了。當(dāng)然,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象,那就是,有的學(xué)生用固定句型套進(jìn)去后得了高分,有的則相反,為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況,我們將在其他的博文中提到。今天,我們將重點(diǎn)落在如何寫(xiě)background information上。要寫(xiě)好Background information 首先要在審題的時(shí)候搞清楚什么是facts,什么是 view,分清這兩點(diǎn)是我們寫(xiě)好開(kāi)頭的,包括全文正文議論部分的重點(diǎn)。二、示例Example 1:Some say that building more roads will help reduce the traffic congestion in big cities. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Do you support or oppose this statement?Example 2:In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.例1:這句話Some say that building more roads will help reduce the traffic congestion in big cities.是一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。其中say告訴我們,這個(gè)是個(gè)人持有的想法,而且是可以提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)并對(duì)其進(jìn)行批駁的,因此也被稱(chēng)為debatable statement。表示提出觀點(diǎn)的同義詞有:think, believe, hold, maintain, state, claim, present, support, be in favor of, be for, be opposite to, object to, be against在開(kāi)頭段中要求給出的background information應(yīng)該是一個(gè)事實(shí)信息,因此,在例1中,我們不可以通過(guò)照抄題目,當(dāng)作background information。所謂的背景信息,你只要問(wèn)自己一個(gè)問(wèn)題,即:在一個(gè)怎么樣的社會(huì)環(huán)境下產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的話題?;卮鹆诉@個(gè)問(wèn)題,background information就出來(lái)了。例1 中給出有些人認(rèn)為建更多的道路能減緩大城市交通擁堵?tīng)顩r。提出這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的前提是存在交通擁堵情況,并且很?chē)?yán)重,需要解決。交通擁堵情況的產(chǎn)生的根源是大量使用汽車(chē)、或者是道路規(guī)劃存在問(wèn)題等,因此這些就是這個(gè)話題的前提,也就是在這個(gè)背景下,產(chǎn)生了這個(gè)話題,因此background information就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。比如我們可以寫(xiě)成:Sample 1:With the popularity of automobile in big cities, an increasing number of problems have arisen, one of which is the traffic congestion.在內(nèi)容有了之后,我們就要開(kāi)始追求詞匯和句型了,paraphrase是重要技巧之一。全篇文章中要做paraphrase 的地方很多,比如如何闡述要討論的話題,body部分的concluding sentence,結(jié)尾段的restatement of the thesis statement; summarize the topic sentences. 包括在小作文中也很重要。 我們也會(huì)在之后的博文中重點(diǎn)討論如何paraphrase。以上這個(gè)句子,我們也可以擴(kuò)展成以下語(yǔ)義更復(fù)雜的句子:Sample 2:When technology accelerates, an inevitable consequence brought with it is the unprecedented problems arising from it. Similarly, the enjoyment of automobile in modern cities also leaves people an ever intricate problem---the traffic congestion.例2:In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.題目給出在一些國(guó)家,年輕人被鼓勵(lì)在高中畢業(yè)和大學(xué)之間,花一年的時(shí)間來(lái)工作或旅游。這個(gè)就被稱(chēng)為了non-debatable statement,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)做法已經(jīng)存在,也沒(méi)法去反駁,因此是個(gè)事實(shí)信息。我們就可以直接把它拿來(lái)做背景了。完全照抄是不得不到高分的,paraphrase和sentence variety的功力就要體現(xiàn)在這里了,參考Sample:Sample1:Instead of directly attending university after the graduation from high school, youngsters in some countries are encouraged to spend one year working or travelling around first.Sample 2:There is a tendency that high school graduates are urged to work or travel for one year before their receiving higher education.因此,認(rèn)真審題,分清fact和opinion在寫(xiě)作中是至關(guān)重要的。
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