Sharks in Australia劍橋雅思4-聽力原文翻譯及答案解析

一、Sharks in Australia聽力原文：

Today we're going to look at one of my favourite fish-the shark.

As you know,sharks have a reputation for being very dangerous creatures capable of injuring or killing humans,and I'd like to talk about sharks in Australia.

Sharks are rather large fish,often growing to over ten metres and the longest sharks caught in Australia have reached sixteen metres.

Sharks vary in weight with size and breed,of course,but the heaviest shark caught in Australia was a White Pointer-that weighed seven hundred and ninety-five kilograms-quite a size!

Sharks have a different structure to most fish:instead of a skeleton made of bone,they have a tough elastic skeleton of cartilage.

Unlike bone,this firm,pliable material is rather like your nose,and allows the shark to bend easily as it swims.

The shark's skin isn't covered with scales,like other fish:instead the skin's covered with barbs,giving it a rough texture like sandpaper.

As you know,sharks are very quick swimmers.

This is made possible by their fins,one set at the side and another set underneath the body,and the tail also helps the shark move forward quickly.

Unlike other fish,sharks have to keep swimming if they want to stay at a particular depth,and they rarely swim at the surface。

Mostly,they swim at the bottom of the ocean,scavenging and picking up food that's lying on the ocean floor.

While most other animals,including fish,hunt their prey by means of their eyesight,sharks hunt essentially by smell.

They have a very acute sense of smell-and can sense the presence of food long before they can see it.

In Australia,where people spend a lot of time at the beach,the government has realised that it must prevent sharks from swimming near its beaches.

As a result,they've introduced a beach-netting program.

Beach-netting,or meshing,involves setting large nets parallel to the shore:this means that the nets on New South Wales beaches are set on one day.

And then lifted and taken out to sea on the next day.

When shark-netting first began in 1939,only the Sydney metropolitan beaches were meshed-these beaches were chosen because beaches near the city are usually the most crowded with swimmers.

Ten years later,in 1949,systematic meshing was extended to include the beaches to the south of Sydney.

As a result of the general success of the program in Sydney,shark-meshing was introduced to the state of Queensland around 1970.

The New Zealand authorities also looked at it,but considered meshing uneconomical-as did Tahiti in the Pacific.

At around the same time,South Africa introduced meshing to some of its most popular swimming beaches.

When meshing began,approximately fifteen hundred sharks were caught in the first year.

However,this declined in the years that followed,and since that time,the average annual catch has been only about a hundred and fifty a year.

The majority of sharks are caught during the warmest months,from November to February,when sharks are most active and when both the air and the ocean are at their maximum temperature.

Despite quite large catches,some people believe that shark meshing is not the best way to catch sharks.

It's not that they think sharks are afraid of nets,or because they eat holes in them,because neither of these is true.

But meshing does appear to be less effective than some other methods,especially when there are big seas with high roiling waves and strong currents and anything that lets the sand move-the sand that's holding the nets down.

When this moves the nets will also become less effective.

二、Sharks in Australia聽力中文翻譯：

今天我們來看看我最喜歡的魚之一——鯊魚。

正如你所知，鯊魚是一種非常危險(xiǎn)的生物，能夠傷害或殺死人類，我想談?wù)劙拇罄麃喌孽忯~。

鯊魚是相當(dāng)大的魚，通常長(zhǎng)到10米以上，在澳大利亞捕獲的最長(zhǎng)鯊魚達(dá)到16米。

當(dāng)然，鯊魚的體重因體型和品種而異，但在澳大利亞捕獲的最重的鯊魚是一只白色指針，重795公斤，相當(dāng)大！

鯊魚的結(jié)構(gòu)與大多數(shù)魚類不同：它們的骨架不是由骨頭構(gòu)成的，而是由軟骨構(gòu)成的堅(jiān)韌的彈性骨架。

與骨骼不同，這種堅(jiān)硬、柔韌的材料很像你的鼻子，讓鯊魚在游泳時(shí)很容易彎曲。

鯊魚的皮膚不像其他魚類那樣覆蓋著鱗片：相反，皮膚上覆蓋著倒刺，使其具有砂紙般粗糙的紋理。

正如你所知，鯊魚游泳速度很快。

這是由它們的鰭實(shí)現(xiàn)的，一個(gè)位于側(cè)面，另一個(gè)位于身體下方，尾巴也幫助鯊魚快速向前移動(dòng)。

與其他魚類不同，鯊魚如果想呆在特定的深度，就必須不斷游泳，而且它們很少在水面上游泳

大多數(shù)情況下，它們?cè)诤５子斡?，清理和拾起躺在海底的食物?/p>

雖然包括魚類在內(nèi)的大多數(shù)其他動(dòng)物都是靠視力捕食，但鯊魚基本上是靠嗅覺捕食。

它們有非常敏銳的嗅覺，而且在看到食物之前很久就能感覺到食物的存在。

在澳大利亞，人們?cè)诤┥洗袅撕荛L(zhǎng)時(shí)間，政府意識(shí)到必須防止鯊魚在海灘附近游泳。

因此，他們推出了海灘網(wǎng)計(jì)劃。

海灘網(wǎng)，或網(wǎng)格，涉及設(shè)置與海岸平行的大型網(wǎng)：這意味著新南威爾士州海灘上的網(wǎng)是在一天內(nèi)設(shè)置的。

然后在第二天被抬到海上。

1939年，當(dāng)鯊魚網(wǎng)首次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，只有悉尼大都會(huì)海灘被網(wǎng)住了——之所以選擇這些海灘，是因?yàn)樵撌懈浇暮┩ǔＪ怯斡救藬?shù)最多的。

十年后，也就是1949年，系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)格被擴(kuò)展到悉尼南部的海灘。

由于該項(xiàng)目在悉尼取得了普遍成功，1970年左右，鯊魚網(wǎng)被引入昆士蘭州。

新西蘭當(dāng)局也對(duì)其進(jìn)行了研究，但認(rèn)為這是不經(jīng)濟(jì)的——太平洋的塔希提島也是如此。

大約在同一時(shí)間，南非將meshing引入了一些最受歡迎的游泳海灘。

當(dāng)嚙合開始時(shí)，第一年大約捕獲了1500條鯊魚。

然而，在隨后的幾年中，這一數(shù)字有所下降，自那時(shí)以來，平均每年的捕獲量只有150只左右。

大多數(shù)鯊魚都是在最熱的月份捕獲的，從11月到2月，那時(shí)鯊魚最活躍，空氣和海洋都處于最高溫度。

盡管捕獲量相當(dāng)大，但一些人認(rèn)為鯊魚網(wǎng)并不是捕獲鯊魚的最佳方式。

這并不是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為鯊魚害怕網(wǎng)，也不是因?yàn)樗麄兂跃W(wǎng)上的洞，因?yàn)檫@兩者都不是真的。

但是，與其他一些方法相比，網(wǎng)格化的效果似乎要差一些，尤其是當(dāng)有波濤洶涌、水流湍急的大海以及任何讓沙子移動(dòng)的東西時(shí)，沙子會(huì)把網(wǎng)壓下來。

當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，漁網(wǎng)的效率也會(huì)降低。

三、Sharks in Australia聽力問題：

Question 31-34

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Sharks in Australia

Length largest caught:16 meters

Weight heaviest:kg

Skeleton cartilage

Skin texture rough barbs

Swimming aide fins and

Food gathered from the ocean

Sharks locate food by using their

Question 35-38

Choose the correct letter,A,B or C.

35.Shark meshing uses nets laid

A.along the coastline

B.at an angle to the beach

C.from the beach to the sea

36.Other places that have taken up shark meshing include

A.South Africa

B.New Zealand

C.Tahiti

37.The average number of sharks caught in nets cash year is

A.15

B.150

C.1,500

38.Most sharks are caught in

A.spring

B.summer

C.winter

Question 39-40

Choose TWO letters A—G.

Which TWO factors reduce the benefits of shark nets?

A.nets wrongly positioned

B.strong waves and currents

C.too many fish

D.sharks eat holes in nets

E.moving sands

F.nets too short

G.holes in nets scare sharks

四、Sharks in Australia聽力答案：

31.795

32.tail

33.floor/bed/bottom

34.sense of smell

35.A

36.A

37.B

38.B

39.B

40.E

五、Sharks in Australia聽力答案解析

Question 31 795.考生通過聽前預(yù)測(cè)可知答案為數(shù)字，當(dāng)錄音提到the heaviest shark這一卷面信息時(shí)，這意味著答案即將出現(xiàn)。隨后錄音提到caught in Australia was a White Pointer—that weighed seven hundred and ninety-five kilograms，可確定答案為795。

Question 32 tail.考生通過預(yù)讀題目可以獲取本題中的定位信號(hào)詞為swimming，所以當(dāng)聽到sharks are very quick swimmers時(shí)，應(yīng)該知道答案就要出現(xiàn)。由This is made possible by their fins，one set at the side and another set underneath the body，and the tail also helps the shark move forward quickly可知，本題對(duì)應(yīng)的答案是tail，注意錄音中的also對(duì)即將出現(xiàn)的并列信息具有提醒作用。

Question 33 floor/bed/bottom.本題中，考生可以通過卷面信息中已給出的ocean和food來定位答案所在的位置，錄音提到Mostly，they swim at the bottom of the ocean，scavenging and picking up food that’s lying on the ocean floor，由此可確定答案為floor。

Question 34 sense of smell.錄音中提到They have a very acute sense of smell—and can sense the presence of food long before they can see it，故此題的答案為sense of smell。

Question 35 A.題干當(dāng)中的shark meshing（防鯊網(wǎng)）是定位信號(hào)詞。錄音中提到Beach-netting，or meshing，involves setting large nets parallel to the shore;this means that the nets on New South Wales beaches are set on one day，and then lifted and taken out to sea on the next day，A項(xiàng)中的along與錄音中的paralle（l平行）形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，故可確定答案為A，此題難度略高，考生應(yīng)很敏感地聽出方位詞，并對(duì)相對(duì)應(yīng)的同義轉(zhuǎn)換做出判斷。

Question 36 A.錄音中提到At around the same time，South Africa introduced meshing to some of its most popular swimming beaches，故答案為A。雖然之前提到New Zealand，但是是以否定形式給出的。Question 37 B.錄音中，考生可聽到When meshing began，approximately fifteen hundred sharks were caught in the first year.However，this declined in the years that followed，and since that time，the average annual catch has been only about a hundred and fifty a year，其中有兩個(gè)數(shù)字題干中要求的是如今每年被防鯊網(wǎng)困住的鯊魚數(shù)量，故可確定答案為150，而且此題根據(jù)文中的“however”，以及答案的偏后規(guī)律，都可判斷出答案應(yīng)為150。

Question 38 B.本題存在陷阱，考生的生活習(xí)慣會(huì)干擾判斷，我們居住在北半球，所以11月～次年2月為冬季，但是11月～次年2月在南半球的Australia是夏季，此外錄音中還提到during the warmest months，from November to February，when sharks are most active and when both the air and the ocean are at their maximum temperature，其中warmest可以幫助我們定位答案。

Question 39-40 B-E.錄音中提到But meshing does appear to be less effective than some other methods，especially when there are big seas with high rolling waves and strong currents and anything that lets the sand move—the sand that’s holding the nets down.When this moves the nets will also become less effective，其中的“but/especially”為重要的答案提醒詞，high rolling waves and strong currents和the sand move與選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的對(duì)應(yīng)項(xiàng)幾乎完全一致。所以答案為B和E。

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