托福閱讀目的題怎么做
2023-10-17 14:39:31 來源:中國教育在線
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托福 閱讀目的題怎么做
修辭目的題已經(jīng)做為托福必考題型,修辭目的題每篇文章考0-2題。小編分析認為,它主要考查考生們理解作者為什么在文章中某個特別位置或者以某種特殊的方式陳述一個特別的信息。托福閱讀目的題怎么做?
1)有時要求學生確定一個段落與另一個段落之間的聯(lián)系
2)有時考查作者提到某一條特別信息的原因(句子之間的聯(lián)系)
注意:此類題目不考查整篇文章的結構,只考查句子或段落之間的邏輯關系。
問題形式
The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to…
Why does the author mention X?
The author uses X as an example of…
答題技巧
修辭目的題一般可分為以下幾類:
一、例子題
例子題一般占修辭目的題出題機會的70%, 題干中出現(xiàn)的X本身是段落中出現(xiàn)的一個例子,這類題是送分題,因為要么是先舉例子后總結/概述(理論),要么是先概述(理論)后舉例子,所以答案多半是繞過例子看概述,而概述的改寫就是本題答案的所在,也就是說哪個選項的內(nèi)容和概述的內(nèi)容一致就是答案。因此考生也可以用排除法選答案。
如:OG Title: ARTISANS AND INDUSTRIALIZATION
Paragraph 4
The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell——just as though we are so many living machines.” With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community…
4. In paragraph 4, the author includes the quotation from a mill worker in order to
○ support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories
○ to show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise made by factory machinery
○ argue that clocks did not have a useful function in factories
○ emphasize that factories were most successful when workers revealed their complaints
分析:此題中我們根據(jù)mill worker定位,能定位到原文對應內(nèi)容為One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell——just as though we are so many living machines”, 繞過例子讀理論,理論“The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules.”在例子前面,根據(jù)此理論,我們即可以選出正確答案為個選項。
如:OG Title: AGGRESSION
Paragraph 5
The Psychodynamic Approach. Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior, including … The Freudian perspective, in a sense, see us as “steam engines.” By holding in rather than venting “steam,” we set the stage for future explosions. Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways…
7. Freud describes people as steam engines in order to make the point that people
○ deliberately build up their aggression to make themselves stronger
○ usually release aggression in explosive ways
○ must vent their aggression to prevent it from building up
○ typically lose their aggression if they do not express it.
分析:此題中,我們根據(jù)Freud和steam engines定位,原文對應內(nèi)容為The Freudian perspective, in a sense, see us as “steam engines.” 繞過此例子,定位理論,原文中理論“By holding in rather than venting “steam,” we set the stage for future explosions.”在例子之后,根據(jù)此例子,我們可以確定答案為第三個選項。
如:OG Title: EARLY CINEMA
Paragraph 2
These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The kinetoscopes functioned in a similar way…
2. The author discusses phonograph parlors in paragraph 2 in order to
○ explain Edison’s financial success
○ describe the model used to design Kinetoscope parlors
○ contrast their popularity to that of Kinetoscope parlors
○ illustrate how much more technologically advanced Kinetoscope parlors were
分析:此題中,我們根據(jù)phonograph parlors定位,原文對應內(nèi)容為These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. 繞過此例子,定位理論,原文中理論“The kinetoscopes functioned in a similar way…”在例子之后,根據(jù)此例子,我們可以確定答案為第二個選項。
托福閱讀成績停滯不前怎么辦
1、使托福閱讀技巧成為自己的
托福閱讀在內(nèi)容上難度降低,但是通過題型變化增加難度,因此閱讀理解部分并不需要過于擔心,關鍵是了解題型。
托福閱讀題型繁多,包括圖表題、篇章總結題(從給出的選項中選擇能夠概括文章內(nèi)容的句子)、詞匯題(在一定的上下文中)、指代關系題、簡化句子題、插入文本題、事實信息題、推斷題、修辭目的題、以及否定排除題等。
很多考生在??嫉臅r候都會思考,本題是什么題型,屬于哪種答題方法?答題方法是什么應該如何解題?此類考生往往得不到,原因是答題技巧不夠嫻熟。要做到在讀過題目后馬上辨別出此類題型,并能直接對應方法答題,而并非用更多的時間去思考解題方法和題型。這樣才能將所學到的知識融會貫通,才能成為自己的知識。
2、仔細思考再鎖定托福閱讀答案
很多學生在做題的時候往往會出現(xiàn)這樣的情況,排除掉兩個選項,剩下兩個隨便選一個。這種方法確實會提高蒙題的準確率,但是如果選擇了錯誤那個答案,實際上是浪費了考試的寶貴時間。很多考生在做練習時,只要看到正確答案,便知道自己錯在哪了,這就是很明顯粗心的錯誤。
所以寧可多浪費半分鐘,也要好好思考題目,拿到分數(shù)。有些題目,枝干信息太多,但都是干擾項。從應試的角度來說,通篇細讀太費時間。正確的做法應該是從選項中挖掘一下方向。如果有幾項答案出現(xiàn)自相矛盾,或意思明顯相反,可以直接排除;剩下的就是對模糊的選項進行確認,回到正文中細讀相關信息確認后就很省力。一般情況下,排除法是比較容易培養(yǎng)的套路,答題快速且準確率較高。
托福閱讀習慣養(yǎng)成的技巧
一,高頻詞匯的整理。
若想自己的閱讀速度提升,有一個為主要的因素就是詞匯。當考生們備考托福過程里,同樣屬于一個詞匯不斷累積的過程,但是當積累詞匯時,大家同樣要學著怎么整理這些詞匯,尤其是針對有的容易在閱讀文章中容易在文章出現(xiàn)的高頻詞匯,對其加以完全的掌握和記憶,這將直接影響你對句子的理解。
二,提升句型和語法。
考生們當托??荚嚨木毩暲锒伎梢愿惺艿?,當把語法題取消以后,大部分的語法內(nèi)容知識點都已完全的融入到了閱讀和聽力的一些題目中。而要應對好這些題目,重要的即是對好句子的結構分析。所謂句子結構,把主謂賓結構部分,定狀補修飾成分找到??此坪唵?,但當處理時卻同樣有一定的難度,尤其是當處理有的復雜句的時候,如何能完全分析出句型結構,對于閱讀速度的提升是很有幫助的。
三,閱讀理解的方法。
在閱讀的過程中,很多同學都會出現(xiàn)一個問題:認為自己在詞匯和語法上都是有基礎的,但是,想提升閱讀速度就顯得相當困難。那么,在此要建議你,不妨可以去調整一下自己的閱讀方法了。大部分考生當閱讀時,不斷的習慣在文章完全理解后,再開始答題,如此是會導致時間的緊張。同時還要提醒大家,作為一門語言考試,托??疾斓闹饕€是大家的答題能力,而不是閱讀能力。所以,不必清晰的了解全文的每一個細節(jié)。建議大家的閱讀理解方式是,清晰閱讀文章段落的第1、2句,也就是段落主旨大意,而后快速瀏覽其余部分。通過這樣的方式閱讀,既能加快閱讀速度,又能對于文章的結構思路更有把握。
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