化學(xué)綜合科研項(xiàng)目：基于化學(xué)有機(jī)物的結(jié)構(gòu)和代謝反應(yīng)，探究其毒性對(duì)機(jī)體的作用機(jī)理和影響

導(dǎo)師學(xué)校介紹

威廉姆斯學(xué)院（Williams College）創(chuàng)立于1793年，坐落于美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州，是一所享譽(yù)美國(guó)乃至全球的著名文理學(xué)院。威廉姆斯學(xué)院常年蟬聯(lián)U.S.News美國(guó)文理學(xué)院排名首位、最具聲望大學(xué)首位。“學(xué)院代表著美國(guó)教育的精髓—規(guī)模小、質(zhì)量高，專(zhuān)注本科，崇尚通識(shí)和人文教育。

導(dǎo)師詳細(xì)介紹

導(dǎo)師昵稱(chēng)

Charles

導(dǎo)師級(jí)別

講席終身正教授

導(dǎo)師學(xué)校

威廉姆斯學(xué)院Williams College

Charles導(dǎo)師是威廉姆斯學(xué)院化學(xué)講席終身正教授，在威廉姆斯學(xué)院設(shè)有毒理學(xué)、生物化學(xué)等課程，曾任威廉姆斯學(xué)院化學(xué)系主任、生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)項(xiàng)目主任，擁有康奈爾大學(xué)生物化學(xué)博士學(xué)位。

Charles導(dǎo)師的研究結(jié)合遺傳學(xué)、蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)和生化分析，了解SOS基因產(chǎn)物的綜合活性如何為細(xì)胞對(duì)DNA損傷的反應(yīng)提供幫助。他的研究獲得了美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)基金會(huì)和美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院的大力支持，聚焦DNA損傷的SOS修復(fù)，在國(guó)際知名期刊發(fā)表論文數(shù)十篇。

Prof.Charles’s teaching experience includes program in biochemistry and molecular biology;team-taught,interdisciplinary courses on AIDS,globalism,and the renovation of the Thompson Science Buildings and addition of the Morley Science Labs that,at the time,was the largest capital project in the college’s history.He has also co-taught a science camp for local elementary school students and teachers and mentored dozens of students in your laboratory’s study of DNA repair.He served as director of the Bronfman Science Center and chair of the Science Committee for more consecutive years than one would think humanly possible.

The research in his laboratory focuses on the SOS response in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis.Using a combination of genetic,proteomic,and biochemical analyses

his group is trying to understand how the integrated activities of the SOS gene

products provide for the cell’s response to DNA damage.

適合人群

方向：理工

專(zhuān)業(yè)：自然科學(xué)

適合專(zhuān)業(yè)：生物學(xué)，分子生物學(xué)，生物醫(yī)學(xué)，生命科學(xué)，生物，化學(xué)，公共衛(wèi)生，藥理學(xué)，應(yīng)用化學(xué)，有機(jī)化學(xué)，無(wú)機(jī)化學(xué)

項(xiàng)目?jī)r(jià)格：33800/19800

項(xiàng)目周期：7周在線(xiàn)小組科研+5周論文輔導(dǎo)

是否建議高中生學(xué)習(xí)：是

是否建議大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)：是

語(yǔ)言：英文

難度：中級(jí)/高級(jí)難度

建議具備的基礎(chǔ)：化學(xué)、生物化學(xué)、環(huán)境化學(xué)、藥物學(xué)、藥物代謝動(dòng)力學(xué)、臨床醫(yī)學(xué)、預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)、免疫學(xué)、法醫(yī)學(xué)等專(zhuān)業(yè)或者希望修讀相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生；學(xué)生需要具備化學(xué)、生物基礎(chǔ)

科研項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)出

4周在線(xiàn)小組科研學(xué)習(xí)+2周論文指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)共125課時(shí)+不限時(shí)論文指導(dǎo)

學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告

優(yōu)秀學(xué)員獲主導(dǎo)師Reference Letter

EI/CPCI/Scopus/ProQuest/Crossref/EBSCO或同等級(jí)別索引國(guó)際會(huì)議全文投遞與發(fā)表指導(dǎo)（可用于申請(qǐng)）

結(jié)業(yè)證書(shū)

成績(jī)單

項(xiàng)目介紹

本項(xiàng)目將帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)生物標(biāo)志物、毒性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和評(píng)價(jià)、在生物體內(nèi)的代謝途徑、化學(xué)反應(yīng)、以及對(duì)機(jī)體的影響，并深入到毒素對(duì)DNA的影響與致病性。學(xué)生將通過(guò)項(xiàng)目了解化學(xué)物質(zhì)毒理學(xué)經(jīng)典理論概念，毒性評(píng)價(jià)及其與生命系統(tǒng)的相互作用，思考在環(huán)境、公共衛(wèi)生、食品安全等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。課程中將列舉大量化學(xué)物質(zhì)實(shí)例，逐一剖析它們的化學(xué)性質(zhì)以及危險(xiǎn)因素。在項(xiàng)目結(jié)束時(shí)提交報(bào)告，進(jìn)行成果展示。

個(gè)性化研究課題參考：水飛薊素對(duì)丙烯酰胺所致PC12細(xì)胞氧化損傷的保護(hù)作用、不同種蘆薈植物化學(xué)物組成及抗紫外損傷機(jī)理探究、氯化鎘、硫酸鋅和亞硒酸鈉的體外細(xì)胞毒性

This program will lead students to learn biomarkers,toxicity criteria and evaluation,metabolic pathways in organisms,chemical reactions,and effects on the body,and in-depth into the effects of toxins on DNA and pathogenicity.Through the project,students will understand the classical theoretical concepts of chemical toxicology,toxicity evaluation and its interaction with living systems,and think about the application in various fields such as environment,public health and food safety.A large number of examples of chemicals will be presented and their chemical properties and risk factors will be analyzed one by one.Students will understand the classic theories and concepts of biochemical toxicology,toxicity and its interaction with life systems through the project,and submit a report at the end of the project to demonstrate their results.

Suggested Future Research Fields:Protective effect of silymarin on oxidative damage of PC12 cells induced by acrylamide,Study on the composition of different kinds of aloe phytochemicals and their anti-ultraviolet damage mechanism,In vitro cytotoxicity of cadmium chloride,zinc sulfate and sodium selenite

項(xiàng)目背景

偵探小說(shuō)女王英國(guó)作家阿加莎的偵探小說(shuō)之所以極具魅力，很大程度上與她在藥房的工作經(jīng)歷和對(duì)化學(xué)物毒性的深刻了解密不可分。毒理學(xué)之父帕拉塞爾蘇斯提到：“萬(wàn)物皆毒物，因?yàn)橐磺形镔|(zhì)皆具毒性。只有劑量決定一件事物不是毒物”。現(xiàn)代毒理學(xué)是一門(mén)基于化學(xué)、生理學(xué)、生物學(xué)、藥理學(xué)、病理學(xué)理論，以流行病學(xué)和臨床學(xué)方法，研究外源因素對(duì)生物系統(tǒng)的毒性反應(yīng)和機(jī)制，對(duì)毒性進(jìn)行科學(xué)定性定量評(píng)價(jià)的科學(xué)。毒理學(xué)的事實(shí)是否果真如此？如何鑒定毒性？不同毒物是否都以同種方式產(chǎn)生毒性？毒性在人體內(nèi)如何處置與代謝？哪些生化機(jī)制可以對(duì)抗毒性？這些問(wèn)題將在項(xiàng)目中逐一得到解答。

項(xiàng)目大綱介紹

有機(jī)物毒理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)：生物標(biāo)志物、暴露與劑量、劑量反應(yīng)；毒物評(píng)價(jià)和檢測(cè)方法介紹Toxicology fundamentals：biomarkers,dose response,criteria and evaluation of toxicity,Interactions

外源物/毒素在體的代謝途徑：在肝臟、腎臟、肺和皮膚的吸收途徑，分布和代謝Toxic disposition,absorption,distribution,excretion,and physiology of liver,kidneys,lungs&skin.

外源物/毒素代謝的化學(xué)反應(yīng)：I相反應(yīng)和Ⅱ相反應(yīng)

Factors Affecting Toxic Responses Metabolism:Phase 1 reactions and phase 2 reactions;

案例：常見(jiàn)的藥品、抗生素、農(nóng)藥、化學(xué)品中的毒性物質(zhì)分析

Case study:from paraquat to aspirin

影響外源物/毒素代謝的因素：I相反應(yīng)酶、Ⅱ相反應(yīng)酶、酶的誘導(dǎo)劑和抑制劑及其效應(yīng)Factors affecting metabolism:Phase 1 enzyme P450,phase 2 enzyme, inhibitors& inducers and effects

外源物/毒素對(duì)機(jī)體的影響：組織損傷、遺傳毒素、免疫毒素、細(xì)胞毒素、發(fā)育毒素、生化毒素及致癌作用 

Toxic responses to foreign compounds：Tissue lesions,Cellular toxicity, Biochemical effects, Developmental toxicity, Genetic toxicity, Immunotoxicity, Carcinogenesis

DNA的損傷和突變、修復(fù)機(jī)制、與癌癥之間的關(guān)系

Endogenous and exogenous genetic toxicity, DNA damage vs mutation and repair mechanisms, DNA damage and cancer

項(xiàng)目回顧與成果展示 Program Review and Presentation

論文輔導(dǎo) Project Deliverables Tutoring

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